【作者】 范艳敏；

【导师】 汪青云；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 教育技术学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 需要是个体积极活动的最基本的动力源泉,对活动具有强烈的驱动力,对人们生活的方方面面都产生了十分重要的影响。作为人类生存所必需的活动——教育,同样也离不开需要理论的研究,对学习者学习需要的关注,一直以来也是教育理论研究和教育实践的一个重点,学习需要是教学设计的开端,在学习的过程中占据重要的地位,总是将学习行为的发生与学习动机、学习诱因等等各种需要的表现形式和内容联系在一起,而教育目标的设定、教育内容的选择和教育策略的制定也都无不与需要联系在一起。因此,学习需要对于学习者的学习十分重要,教育研究者们对需要尤其是对于学习需要的认识、利用和满足给予了越来越多的关注,为教育的发展提供了更多的理论基础和实践经验。近年来,尤其是伴随数字时代的到来,科学技术正在不断改变人们传统的生活和学习方式,自主学习成为实现终身学习的重要方式之一,大量的学习必须由学习者自主完成,学习者个体的自主学习越来越受到各界的关注。学习需要是学习者开展学习的动力来源,而在自主学习过程中学习者不可能依靠教育者进行学习需要分析,学习者只有对自己有充分地认识,了解自己的学习需要才能保证达到理想的学习效果,因此,自主学习离不开学习需要分析,同时学习者要学会如何进行学习需要分析。基于此,本研究采用文献分析和资料分析的研究方法,对需要理论在教育领域中的研究和运用成果进行了系统地梳理和分析,让我们对学习需要有了更全面的理解以及学习需要对于学习的重要性有了更深切地体会,学习者的学习离不开学习需要。同时,本研究还运用问卷调查和简单访谈的方式对学习者个体现有的学习需要现状进行调查,了解学习者对自身学习需要理解的具体情况,从中发现学习者缺乏学习需要分析的能力,不会学习需要分析。而在自主学习过程中没有教师的帮助,那只有靠学习者自己完成学习需要分析,因此,本研究还有一个重要的目标就是让学习者个体了解自我,提供学习需要分析的具体方法,帮助学习者学会进行学习需要分析,从而寻找出适合其学习的方法策略,有效提高学习者自主学习的能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The needs are the basic source of individual activity and have a strong impulse to activities. The research about needs have become one of research foundations in the many subjects and exerted a significant influence in our lives. As the necessary activities for human survival– education,it also doesn’t leave needs theory research. The concern for learners’learning needs has been also a key of education theory research and education practice. Learning needs is the beginning of instructional design which occupies a very important position in the process of learning. The occurrence of learning behavior always relate to learning motivation and learning incentive which are the important forms and contents of need. Setting, implementation, evaluation, feedback of education target and education strategy also relate to needs. Therefore, learning needs is very important for learners. Researchers have given more and more attention to needs, especially learning needs’recognition, use, meet. It provides more theoretical basis and practical experience for education development.In recent years, with the arrival of digital era, science and technology are continually changing people’s traditional life and study way. The traditional teaching have already met the needs of learning, a large number of learning must be completed by the learner autonomy, so individual learners’ self-regulated learning take more and more attention from different fields in recent years. Learning need is the power source for learning, however, learners cannot rely on educators to make learning needs analysis in autonomous learning process. Learners should understand fully their learning needs which can ensure the ideal learning effect. Self-regulated learning doesn’t leave learning needs analysis, and learners need to learn how to do learning needs analysis.This study adopts literature analysis, data analysis and other methods to clarify and analyze systematically the researches and achievements of need theory in the field of education theory. It makes us have more comprehensive understanding about learning need and more profound experience about the importance of learning need for individual learners. At the same time, this research also uses the questionnaire survey and interview to investigate present learning situation of individual learners. Find problems from survey and put forward reasonable suggestions. There aren’t teachers’helps in the process of autonomous learning, learning needs analysis only rely on the individual learners themselves to complete. Therefore, another important goal in this study is to make the individual learners understand themselves and help learner to learn learning alone. Let’s find out the suitable learning strategy for our own and improve the learners’ ability of autonomous learning effectively.更多还原