【作者】 苏俊华；

【导师】 黄小用；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 湖南省安化县位于资江中游,雪峰山脉北段,以其优越的地理位置、适宜的气候,成为著名的茶叶产地,其所产黑茶在明朝时被定为“官茶”,用于“茶马贸易”,行销西北、苏俄、中亚等地。民国时期安化黑茶成品有散茶、紧压茶两大类,初期,由于安化黑茶作为边销茶,外销苏俄,内销西北各省,政府较为重视,原在长沙的省立茶业讲习所迁到安化小淹,进行茶叶品种改良,采用机械制茶,成立茶叶公所,销售上沿用清朝的引票制,商人持票到安化县采制、运输、销售黑茶,安化黑茶业得到发展。抗战全面爆发后,由于交通阻绝,安化黑茶大量积压,为此省茶业管理处制定黑茶原料收购标准,贷款在安化设厂试压新产品——黑茶砖,成功后用于对苏以物易物,同时在销售上,改引票制为统购统销,在一定程度上解决了黑茶积压问题,黑茶业也有所起色。抗战胜利后,由于捐税加重,货币贬值,茶农毁茶种粮,茶叶连年减产,又兼交通运输困难等多种原因,安化黑茶业在生产、运输、销售等面临困境,黑茶业已不如之前,日趋衰落。民国时期,安化黑茶业经历前期的繁盛,到抗战及后期虽经各方努力,终至衰落。然而黑茶作为一种重要的经济作物,给安化带来经济收入,丰富了安化人民的社会生活,同时作为边销茶,又起到加强民族团结、巩固边防的作用。其生产制作、改良经验、衰落的原因值得今天借鉴。从中可以看到安定的社会环境,便利的交通,优良的茶叶品质、制作技术的提高对安化黑茶业的发展至关重要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Anhua is the famous tea place because it has a good geography position and the climate,the black tea was set office tea in the Ming Dynasty,it sale northwest, russia, central asia as the important things in the horse and trade.Auhuan black tea have loose tea and brick tea in the Republic of china.The government more importance it as early, provincial tea institute moved to Xiaoyan of Anhua, for tea species improvement, make tea use of mechanical, the establishment of tea. Businessmen to Anhua collect and process ,transportation and sales black tea use the Yinpiao to developed of Anhua black tea.Anhua black tea was terribly backlogged because no traffic after the outbreak of war of resistance comprehensive.The management companies’control of tea was set purchase standard of black tea raw material, new product factory of production_black tea brick and used it to things trad things for Soviet Union.State monopoly over purchase and marketing instead of Yinpiao on sale. Solve the problem of the black tea backlog atcertain extent and rise black tea.The black tea continuous output because tea grower destroy the tea plants to grow grain after the victory of the war against japanese aggression. For transportation difficulties,Anhua black tea face adverse conditions in manufacturing, transport and selling. Auhua black tea is worse than before and began to decline. Anhua black tea from bloom of prophase to decline of the anaphase in the Republic of China.But it as an important economic crop to bring income and wealth of people’s social life;And as a Bianxiao tea is indispensable necessities of frontier nation life,play to strengthen nation unity and consolidating frontier defense role.It production improvement experience ,the reason for the decline was inherited. It is important for Anhua black tea that stable social environment and convenient traffic, the fine tea, technical improving更多还原