【作者】 沈芹；

【导师】 薛桂芳；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 国际法学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 自1994年《联合国海洋法公约》正式生效后,世界海洋秩序发生了重大变化,海洋不再是中立的缓冲地带,而是海上的直接国界,海洋的重要性迅速提高,《联合国海洋法公约》的生效带来了一个全球范围的“海洋新时代”。为充分利用《联合国海洋法公约》赋予各沿海国家的海洋权利,各沿海国家纷纷建立起本国的海洋法律政策,以更好的保护本国的海洋权益,掀开了海洋开发与管理的新高潮,如美国、澳大利亚、韩国、日本等国纷纷颁布了本国的海洋法律政策。一个国家的发展战略离不开其独特的地理环境的影响。日本四面环海,陆地面积狭小,人口众多,想要发展经济只能向海洋突破。日本把《公约》赋予沿海国的权利当成不使用武力就能拓疆扩土的新机遇。日本主张的管辖海域面积为447万平方公里,是其陆地国土面积的12倍。一旦这主张得以实现,日本的国土面积将进入到世界前10位的行列。2007年4月,日本众议院通过了《海洋基本法》,对海洋实施综合统一管理,也为日本“海洋国家”战略迈进了坚实的一步。日本《海洋基本法》的通过实施,不仅对其本国意义重大,对周边国家也会产生微妙影响,同时也会对国际海洋法实践产生影响。我国与日本一衣带水,在岛屿归属、专属经济区和大陆架划界、东海资源开发方面均有重大争议,日本有可能利用《海洋基本法》升级钓鱼岛事件、挤压我国的海洋空间、掠夺我国的海洋资源并对我国的海上通道造成影响,这将令我国的海洋事业面临更加复杂和艰难的国际环境。我国应审慎对待日本的《海洋基本法》,在借鉴其经验的基础上积极采取措施,应对其不良影响,提出保护我国海洋权益的对策建议,以保护我国的海洋权益。本文正是基于以上考虑,详细介绍了日本《海洋基本法》的内容及其可能对我国造成的不良影响,提出了我国的对策建议：制定符合我国国情的海洋事业发展规划,加快我国海洋立法修订与完善的步伐,制定好处理东海争端的对策与措施。21世纪海洋世纪的到来为我国这样一个发展中的海洋大国带来了更多的机遇和巨大的影响,同时也“检验”出我国在海洋制度和法律方面存在的问题。我国应积极调整我国的海洋发展战略,充分利用《联合国海洋法公约》赋予我国的海洋权利,制定好我国的《海洋基本法》,把我国的海洋事业推向前进。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1994, "The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" has gone into effect officially and the world order has undergone great changes in ocean. "The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" arouses worldwide marine areas realigned. The importance of the ocean is rapidly rising. Ocean is no longer a neutral buffer zone, but the direct marine borders. So the effect of "The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" has brought a global "new era of ocean". In order to take full use of the maritime rights which is given by "The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" to the coastal countries, many countries have established national ocean laws and policies, in order to protect its marine rights and interests. This action has started a new high tide of ocean development and management, such as the United States, Australia, South Korea, Japan and other countries have enacted their own laws and policies about ocean.At the same time, in order to maintenance its marine rights, the disputes among states are increasing. Japan as China’s marine neighbors under the system of "The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" produce series of ocean delimitation disputes. Therefore, how to use "The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" to effective safeguard China’s maritime rights and interests must be significantly more important. A country’s development strategy is inseparable from its unique geographical environment. Japan is an island country which is surrounded by sea with small land area and large population resides in here. In order to develop Japan’s economy better the only way is to break through to the ocean. Japan takes advantage of rights which is given by "The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" as good opportunities to expand its new lands. Japan claims to 4.47 million square kilometers of the sea area which is 12 times of the land area. Once this proposition comes true, Japan’s land area will enter the ranks of the world’s top 10. Japan makes efforts to obtain more ocean benefits and ensure better status from ocean disputes with around countries. For the complicated ocean problems, the relative people from Japan realize existing ocean law out of place on nowadays conditions and advise government constitute new ocean basic law rapidly. Japan’s "Basic Ocean Law" is approved in Japan in April,2007 by the House of Representatives and implemented on 20, July. Japan’s "Basic Ocean Law" is an important act in ocean policies, the influences and revelations from Japan’s "Basic Ocean Law" are worth paying more attentions for our country. After Japan passed the "Basic Ocean Law" and gave the comprehensive integrated management of ocean, Japan’s "Ocean State" strategy has gained a solid step forward.Since Japan’s "Basic Ocean Law" brings into effect, Japan comes into a new seedtime. The implement of Japan’s "Basic Ocean Law", not only has a significant impact to its own country but also to the neighboring countries and also has a great impacts on International Law. China and Japan are neighbors, and they have many controversial about islands belonging, the exclusive economic zone, Delimitation of the continental shelf and the development of East China Sea resources. Japan may use "Basic Ocean Law" upgrade Diaoyu Island event, extruding our marine space, snatching our oceans resources and giving the impact of China’s sea lanes, which would make China’s sea business face more complex and difficult international circumstance. On the basis of learning their experience, China should be cautious to Japan’s "Basic Ocean Law", take actively measures to avoid the adverse impact and propose measures to protect China’s marine rights and interests.This article is based on the above considerations, in particular gives the details of Japan’s " Basic Ocean Law", and its possible adverse impact on China, at last propose our suggestions:formulate China’s sea development plans according to our country’s condition, speed up the pace of legislative amendments of sea laws, make a appropriate countermeasures to deal with the East China Sea disputes.The 21st century goes by the name of "marine century". The arrival of the 21st century brings more opportunities and great influence to such a big developing country in the ocean, China. This also "tests" out of our country in the marine system and legal problems. Therefore, how to use the Convention to effective safeguard China’s maritime rights and interests must be significantly more important. China should actively adjust our marine development strategy, full use of China’s maritime rights given by "The United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea" and formulate the country’s "Basic Ocean Law", to advance the career of China’s marine.The content for this paper is helpful to see clearly the attitude about ocean dispute possible measures from Japan. At the same time, it is helpful to use for reference to advanced management ways from Japan, which helps to turn China into a powerful ocean country.更多还原