【作者】 潘云萍；

【导师】 孟华；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 中国文化具有尚象传统,“象”是中国文化当中非常重要的一个范畴,在不同的领域都有所体现,乃至成为一种表达方式。近年来汉字的“象”逐渐引起了学者的关注,实际上对汉字“象”的关注早就开始了,“六书”的象形研究就是对汉字“象”关注的肇端。本文运用文字学有关理论对汉字的“象”进行了分析,较为全面的考察了汉字用象的历史渊源,观照其源流正变和文化积淀,从而对汉字的“象”做出系统的分析。汉字在构建自身形体时选用了“象”作为意义或者声音的载体,它的运用使汉字符号充满了“象”的精神,也成就了汉字的理据性。文章分为四大部分：第一部分是概述,介绍了“象”的不同内涵以及前人对于汉字造字方法和汉字中“象”的研究情况,在此基础上提出了本文的选题宗旨。研究概况的归纳是展开本文的前提,对其做详细的总结,以展示出本文研究的渊源。第二部分和第三部分是论文的主体,对汉字的“象”进行了全面的分析。第二部分对汉字产生的基础进行了分析,首先分析了原始社会中象符号的使用情况,虽然使用直观表象是先民共同的原始思维,但是华夏民族的祖先在这一点上表现的更为明显。汉字产生之初取象于万事万物,广泛的符号基础和重象传统以及思维水平的限制使汉字在造字之初选择了象形,以“象”来尽意。在第三部分中,我们首先从共时角度按照功能的不同将汉字的“象”分为三大类：形体之象、意义之象和声音之象,用这三种不同功能的“象”去分析汉字的形体构造,发现汉字中充满了“象”的精神：象形字是以形体之象来表达的,会意字是意义之象的组合,假借字是对声音之象的运用。指事字的情况稍微复杂一些,我们将其归入用形体之象表达自身一类；形声字是意义之象和声音之象的综合运用。对“象”的运用也成就了汉字的理据性,象形字、指事字、会意字具有形体和意义上的理据,假借字是以声音作为自己的理据,形声字具有声音和意义上的双重有理性。其次,我们分析了汉字形体的演变情况。在这一部分中,我们通过将甲骨文与古埃及的象形字作比较,发现汉字的“像”是一种相对论,对物象的展现不是写实的,而是写意的。汉字自产生之初就朝着简便易写的方向努力,这使得形体的象形性不断减弱。象形性的减弱使表意的形体之象逐渐退出了历史舞台,意义之象占据了主导地位。第四部分是结语,对全文进行了总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese traditional culture highly value "Xiang". It is an important notion in Chinese culture, and can be reflected in different fields, even becomes a kind of expression. In recent years, "Xiang" has aroused the attention of scholars in the field of Chinese characters. Actually the study of characters’"Xiang" is started early in Liushu. Xiangxing characters are the initiative of the study about "Xiang". In the thesis, the author uses the theory of Chinese characters to analyze "Xiang" and it’s historical origin in Chinese characters and observe the emergence, development and cultural connotation. On the basis of that the author makes systematic analysis about Chinese characters’ "Xiang" When Chinese characters are formed, "Xiang" are chosen as the carrier of meaning or voice. It makes Chinese characters to be symbolic and indicative, and the Chinese characters’motivation are formed because of it.The article can be divided into four parts:The first part is the generality, introducing the concept of "Xiang", the purpose of the chosen topic, the survey of present research, the significance of the research, theoretical support, methods for study and the presentations on the topic. Based on the predecessor’s research about the method of word-format ion, the author advances the tenet of the thesis.The second and third parts are the body of the thesis.In the second part, the author firstly analyzes the use of symbols in the primitive society. Using visual representation is the ancestors’ common primitive thinking, but the ancestors of the Chinese nation use more of it than other ancestors. In the beginning, characters simulated lots of shapes of different kinds of things. Extensive symbols foundation, the tradition of "Xiang" and thinking level made the Chinese characters choose pictographic method to express meaning.In the third part, firstly according to the different function, the author divides "Xiang" into three categories:the emblem of body, the emblem of meaning, the emblem of voice. When analyzing the characters with the three different functions of "Xiang", it’s found that the Chinese characters are full of the spirit of "Xiang". Xiangxing characters are expressed by the emblem of body. Huiyi characters are the combination of two meanings. Jiajie characters use the emblem of voice. Zhishi characters have complex situation. It is still regarded to be expressed by the emblem of body. Xingsheng characters comprehensively use the emblem of meaning and voice. Icon makes Chinese characters become rational.Secondly, the author analyzes the evolution of the form of Chinese characters. In this part, the author find the "resemble" of Chinese characters is not realistic, but relative and rough by comparing the Oracle-bone inscriptions and the characters of ancient Egypt. Once they are formed, Chinese characters had been simplifying, which weakened their iconicity.It made the emblem of meaning replace the emblem of body. So the emblem of meaning finally got the upper hand.The final part is the conclusion, summarizing the whole thesis.更多还原