【作者】 张啸；

【导师】 潘一山； 李忠华；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 固体力学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 冲击地压是一种主要的矿山灾害,它的发生一般是突然的并难以预见的,所以容易造成人员及财产损失。因此需找一种经济有效的卸压方法以防治冲击地压就成为了矿山减灾工作的重要课题。与传统的大孔径机械钻孔方法及水射流钻孔方法相比,利用现有小孔径进行水射流割缝卸压的方法具有更良好的卸压效果,可以作为一种新的方法和技术途径进行深入研究。因此本文围绕着高压水射流割缝这一课题,从以下几个方面进行研究并得出结论:首先,对高压水射流基础理论进行研究。分析了射流结构,射流参数以及射流作用下材料实效的机理,认为在水射流作用下煤岩主要是因为自身微裂隙扩展及水楔作用导致煤岩孔隙贯通脱落。其次,对高压水射流割缝进行了相似材料模拟实验研究。实验分别得出了不同射流压力下试件的切割体积、切割深度以及不同射流流量下试件切割体积、切割深度之间的关系,并从实验角度说明对应于某一强度的煤岩,并不是压力越大越好,流量越大越好,当压力、流量超过某一数值后,其对于割缝的影响力减弱。再次,对高压水射流割缝进行了数值模拟研究。运用ANSYS非线性有限单元法,对水射流割缝过程中某一时刻缝内切割面应力进行了分析,分析得出在不同射流压力下,切割面应力分布具有相似性,应力函数的非单调性以及缝底端的高应力集中,这与理论分析和实验现象都较好地吻合。本文通过理论分析,实验研究和数值模拟研究分析了影响高压水射流割缝效率的因素,研究得出的结论对于进一步研究水射流割缝防治冲击地压技术以及将水射流割缝技术应用于其它领域具有较好的指导意义和借鉴价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rock burst is one of the mining disasters, and it is difficult to predict leading to loss of property and workers’life. Hence, searching for effective methods to govern the rock burst, which is main subjects of mining accident decrease. Comparing with traditional methods of large aperture mechanical hole-drilling and water-jet hole-drilling, it can get a good result from small aperture mechanical hole-drilling,which can be studied further as a new approach. Consequently, this paper studies cutting seams by high-pressure water jet, we can get the conclusions:Firstly, studying the elementary theory of high pressure water jet, analyzing the water jet construction, parameters as well as the actual mechanism, the main reasons of coal and rock shedding are fracture expansion and the water wedge under water jet.Secondly, conducting experimental research on similar material simulation by high pressure water jet. We can get cutting volumn, cutting depth of different water jet pressure and the relationship between cutting volumn and cutting depth of different water jet quantity. From the aspect of the experiment, it demonstrates that not high pressure is good and great quantity is good. When pressure and quantity is beyond certain value, it can be reduced the ability of cutting seams.Thirdly, researching on numerical simulation of high pressure water jet, applying nonlinear finite elements program ANSYS to analyze the cutting plane stress of the process of cutting seams. We can get the similarity of cutting plane stress, discordant stress function and stress concentration of low seams under different jet pressure, and the theoretical analysis can match experimental phenomenon.This paper analyzes the influence of high pressure water jet by theoretical analysis, experiment and numerical simulation, and the conclusions can be applied to study rock burst governce by water jet, which is useful and meaningful to guide other realms using the technology of water jet.更多还原