【作者】 房立翠；

【导师】 汤锋；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 农药学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 铺地竹是一种丛生地被竹,研究表明,铺地竹竹叶对一些植物幼苗生长具有强烈的化感效应,具有较强的开发成为植物源除草剂的潜力。为进一步明确铺地竹中化感物质的分布规律,本文以结球生菜和匍匐翦股颖为靶标植物,采用琼脂混粉法,研究了铺地竹不同部位对靶标植物幼苗生长的化感作用,并结合人工模拟逆境,初步探讨了铺地竹中化感物质的影响因素,以期为铺地竹的进一步利用提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1.室内生物测定结果表明,竹叶是铺地竹中化感活性最强的部位。在2g/L的供试浓度下,含竹叶粉的培养平板中结球生菜发芽率最低,为66.67%,含竹秆,竹根,竹鞭粉培养平板中结球生菜发芽率分别为84.44%、81.11%、77.76%;竹叶对结球生菜和匍匐翦股颖幼根的抑制率最大,分别为63.20%和31.66% ,竹根、竹秆、竹鞭对结球生菜幼根抑制率分别为45.83%、39.08%、36.03%,三者对匍匐翦股颖幼根抑制率分别为14.87%、14.87%、5.27%。2.竹叶样品采集后采用不同方式干燥处理,生物测定结果表明,室内自然阴干对铺地竹竹叶化感活性的影响最小。在2g/L的供试浓度下,对结球生菜和匍匐翦股颖幼根生长的抑制率分别是85.88%和70.56%,与其他干燥方式处理叶片作用差异极显著。60℃烘干,采样当天冻干,采样密封1d后冻干,采样密封2d后冻干,采样密封4d后冻干,采样密封6d后冻干等6种干燥方式对结球生菜抑制率分别是34.88%、51.38%、40.78%、42.02%、43.93%,对匍匐翦股颖幼根的抑制率分别是13.72%、49.16%、60.65%、61.98%、60.46%、55.66%。3.不同生长期竹叶化感活性生测结果表明,对结球生菜化感活性最强的是3月份的竹叶样品,最弱的是7月份的竹叶样品,其EC₅₀值分别为0.73 g/L、3.69g/L。从3月份开始,EC₅₀值逐渐上升,7月份达到最大值,然后下降,9月份到次年2月份,EC₅₀值略有起伏。对于匍匐翦股颖化感活性最强的是2月份的竹叶样品,最弱的是4月份的竹叶样品,其EC₅₀值分别为0.21 g/L、6.11g/L。从2月份开始,EC₅₀值逐渐上升,4月份达到最大值,然后下降,8月份到次年1月份,EC₅₀值略有起伏。4.将铺地竹分别置于4℃处理12h、24h,40℃处理12h、24h后采集竹叶样品,生测结果表明,竹叶化感活性差异不显著,在2g/L的供试浓度下,4种处理与对照样品对结球生菜幼根抑制率分别为57.23%、59.58%、49.38%、49.26%、46.08%,对匍匐翦股颖幼根抑制率分别为50.28%、35.11%、48.52%、37.88%、39.17%;温度胁迫处理后竹叶样品中叶绿素含量略有下降,低温胁迫处理后相对电导率下降,高温胁迫处理后上升,SOD含量变化不大,MDA含量略有下降。水分胁迫试验结果表明,干旱和淹水胁迫处理后的竹叶对靶标植物幼根生长的抑制率变化不大。在2g/L的浓度下,干旱胁迫处理2、4、6、8、10d的竹叶样品对结球生菜幼根的抑制率分别为24.87%、20.72%、22.92%、24.22%、19.77%,对匍匐翦股颖幼根的抑制率分别为18.87%、26.43%、21.88%、29.53%、22.45%;淹水胁迫处理2、4、6、8、10d的竹叶样品对结球生菜幼根的抑制率分别为13.62%、14.32%、17.54%、21.49%、17.57%,对匍匐翦股颖幼根的抑制率分别为10.89%、11.38%、3.41%、16.45%、13.08%,与对照对两种靶标植物的抑制率（24.49%和23.56%）差异不显著;干旱胁迫处理后叶片样品中叶绿素含量先随时间延长而上升,6d达到最大值,然后下降,相对电导率有上升趋势,胁迫10d叶片相对电导率接近对照的2倍,叶片中SOD含量上升,处理4d和6d叶片中MDA含量比对照上升,其余变化不大;淹水胁迫处理后叶片样品中叶绿素含量变化不大,相对电导率变化不大, SOD含量也有上升趋势, MDA含量变化不大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Arundinaria argenteostriatus is a species of ground cover bamboo, which leaves showed very strong allelopathy. To understanding the distribution characters of the allelochemical in Arundinaria argenteostriatus, the allelopathy of different parts of Arundinaria argenteostriatus was evaluated by a bioassay with Lactuca sativa L. and Agrostis stolonifera as the targets. Furthermore, the influence factors on the allelochemicals was probed with an artificial simulated method.The main results were as following:1. The result of bioassay showed that the allelopathy of leave was the strongest in Arundinaria argenteostriatus. At 2g/L concentration, the germination percentage of Lactuca sativa L. which cultivated in the culture medium containing bamboo leave powder was the lowest with 66.67%, and the germination percentage of medium containing bamboo stem, bamboo root, bamboo rhizome were 84.44%、81.11%、77.76%; The inhibitions of bamboo leave to Lactuca sativa L. and Agrostis stolonifera were maximum , 63.20% and 31.66%, and that of bamboo stem, bamboo root, bamboo rhizome to Lactuca sativa L. were14.87%、14.87%、5.27%, and to Agrostis stolonifera were 14.87%、14.87%、5.27%.2. Bamboo leave sample was drying by different ways after collecting, and the bioassay showed, the influence of natural indoor dry method to the allelopathy of Arundinaria argenteostriatus was the smallest, at 2g/L concentration, the inhibition ratios to Lactuca sativa L. and Agrostis stolonifera was 85.88% and 70.56%, and the difference was remarkable compared with other drying methods. The inhibition ratios of the bamboo leave by baking under 60℃, freeze drying on sampling day, freeze drying after sealing 1day, freeze drying after sealing 2 days, freeze drying after sealing 4 days, freeze drying after sealing 6 days to Lactuca sativa L. were 34.88%、51.38%、40.78%、42.02%、43.93%, and that of Agrostis stolonifera were 13.72%、49.16%、60.65%、61.98%、60.46%、55.66%.3. During the different growth periods, the bioassay result showed that the bamboo leave sample in March had the strongest allelopathy to Lactuca sativa L. and the sample of July was the weakest, the EC₅₀ were 0.73 g/L、3.69g/L.EC₅₀ rose gradually from March, and reached the maximum in July, then dropped, and slightly undulating from September to February of the next year. For Agrostis stolonifera, the bamboo leave sample in February was the strongest and the weakest was that in April, the EC₅₀ was 0.21g/L、6.11g/L. EC₅₀ rose gradually from February, and until April reached the maximum, then dropped, and slightly undulating from August to January of the next year.4. Put Arundinaria argenteostriatus in the condition of 4℃for 12h、24h,and 40℃for 12h、24h, then collected the leave sample. The bioassary result showed that the difference of leave allelopathy activity was not remarkable. At 2g/L concentration, the leave sample inhibition ratios of the 4 process modes and the contrast to Lactuca sativa L. were 57.23%、59.58%、49.38%、49.26%、46.08%, and to Agrostis stolonifera were 50.28%、35.11%、48.52%、37.88%、39.17%; Treated by temperature stress, the chlorophyll content in bamboo leave sample slightly declined, the relative electric conductivity declined under low temperature stress and rose under high temperature stress, the content of SOD had no obviously change, the content of MDA slightly declined.The water stress experiment showed that the inhibition ratios of bamboo leave treated by drought stress and flooding stress to target plants were had no obviously change. Treated by drought stress for 2、4、6、8、10d, At 2g/L concentration, the inhibition ratios to Lactuca sativa L. were 24.87%、20.72%、22.92%、24.22%、19.77%, and to Agrostis stolonifera were 18.87%、26.43%、21.88%、29.53%、22.45%; Treated by flooding stress for 2、4、6、8、10d, the inhibition ratios to Lactuca sativa L. were 13.62%、14.32%、17.54%、21.49%、17.57%, and to Agrostis stolonifer were 10.89%、11.38%、3.41%、16.45%、13.08%, which compared with the inhibition ratio of the contrast （24.49%和23.56%） , the difference was not remarkable. In bamboo leave that treated by drought stress, the chlorophyll content rose gradually reached the maximum at 6d, then dropped, the tendency of relative electric conductivity was rising, the 10d was almost twice of the contrast, the tendency of SOD content was rising too, the MDA content had no obviously change.更多还原