【作者】 李艳艳；

【导师】 迟永长；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 “V一把”是现代汉语中比较常见的一种结构格式,而且使用频率越来越高。本文在前人研究基础上,以整体考察与个体分析相结合为视角进一步研究“V一把”结构的语法特征、动词的选用和被高频率使用的原因。本文第一章从整体考察“V一把”结构语法特征。首先把该结构分为“V+一把”和“一把+V”两种形式,其次分析“V一把”结构在句中主要做谓语或谓语中心语,最后研究该结构的基本语法意义和附加语法意义。“V一把”的基本语法意义从“量”的角度分析,既可以表示具体动作的次数,也可以表示抽象动作的次数,这时动词位于“一把”的前面,如果动词在“一把”的后面,那么它表示短时动态量。“V一把”的附加语法意义主要有两点,即口语色彩浓、加强语气与表示祈使义。第二章主要从个体角度研究“V一把”结构中动词的选用。首先把动词分为动作动词和非动作动词两类,动作动词又根据是否具有明确的起始点和终止点分为持续性动词和非持续性动词,初步得出结论,能进入“V一把”结构的动词大部分是持续性动词,只有为数很少的非持续性动词能够进入该结构,所以不做详细研究,然后再分析能进入这个结构的可持续性动词的语义特征,最后得出结论:具有[+用手]语义特征的自主性可持续动作动词和具有[-用手]且与人类的及物动作有关的自主性可持续动作动词能够进入“V一把”结构。非动作动词中的心理动词、虚化动词、关系动词和助动词由于语义不能够自足,所以不能进入“V一把”结构,能够进入这个结构的只有一部分心理动词,具有以下特点:有自主性,且都能进入“去+V+宾语”格式,这个格式中的宾语必须是名词性宾语,不能进入“去+V+宾语”格式的心理动词也不能进入“V一把”结构。第三章用联系、动态、发展的眼光研究“V一把”结构被高频率使用的原因。首先是社会因素,社会是语言发展的条件,语言随社会的发展而发展,因而“V一把”结构也在其间不断发展变化。其次是认知心理因素,主要从认知与语义和文化心理两方面分析。认知与语义的关系是以心理实体来标定一个语言表达的意义,语义成分以空间或拓扑客体为基础,从语言表达到认知结构的映射,而且这种语义的发展变化可以用认知语义学中的概念体现原型效应原则来解释,即具有[+用手]、[+动作]属性的“抓”类动词为典型成员,发展到具有[+用手]、[+物件的协助]、[+动作]属性的“帮”类动词,再到具有[-用手]、[+与人有关]、[+及物动作]属性的“猜”类动词,最后到[-用手]、[+属性或动态变化]、[-及物动作]属性的不及物动词或部分形容词,它们都属非典型成员。文化心理因素则主要从趋新求异心理和从众心理两方面来考察。更多还原

【Abstract】 “V Yi Ba”is more common in modern Chinese language as a structured format,and the increasing frequency of use. In this paper,on the basis of previous research,to sudy and individual analysis of the overall combination of the perspective of further study on“V Yi Ba”structure of the grammatical featuers,the choice of verbs,and by high frequency use of reason.The first chapter from the overall study“V Yi Ba”structure grammatical features.First, the structure is divided into“V+Yi Ba”and“Yi Ba+V”two kinds of forms,followed by the analysis of“V Yi Ba”in the sentence, the main job of the predicate,or predicate-head,the last study of the structure of the basic grammatical meaning and additional grammatical meaning.“V Yi Ba”basic grammatical meaning from the“quantity”point of view to study,which not only express the number of specific actions,but also express the number of abstract movement,so the verbs are in the front of“Yi Ba”.If the verb in the“Yi Ba”behind,then it said that the basic grammatical meaning is the amount of short-time dynamics.“V Yi Ba”additional meaning main have two points,namely, a strong color spoken, strengthen the tone and expression of imperative sense.The second chapter mainly from the individual perspective to study“V Yi Ba”in the choice of the verbs.First, the verbs are divided into two types of non-action verbs and action verbs, then depending on whether they have a clear starting point and end point are divided into continuous and non-continuous verbs, the preliminary conclusion that the verbs which can enter the“V Yi Ba”are continuous mostly,but only a few of non-continuous verbs can enter the structure,so not to study detailedly, then analyze the sustainability of this structure to enter the semantic features of verbs and finally concluded that:with[+hands] semantic feature of automatic sustainable action verbs, and with [-hand] to human transitive action on the automatic sustainable action verbs can enter this structure. Non-action verbs in the mental verbs, nominal verbs, the relationship between verbs and auxiliary verbs as semantic relations can not be self-sufficient, they can not enter the“V Yi Ba”structure, only part of the psychological verb can be able to enter the structure, following characteristics: have autonomy and be able to enter“to + V + object”format, the object of the format must be nominal object, the psychological verbs that can not enter the format can not enter“V Yi Ba”. The third chapter with the contact, dynamic, perspective of development study“V Yi Ba”structure used by the high frequency of reasons. First, social factors, society is the condition of language development, language development with social development, so“V Yi Ba”structure are also developing among these times. Second, the cognitive psychological factors mainly from the cognition and semantics, cultural psychology analysis of two aspects. Cognition and semantic relations are based on psychological entity to calibrate the significance of language, semantic elements are based on space or a topological object, from the language to the cognitive structure of the mapping, and this semantic development and changes in cognitive semantics can be embodied in the concept of principles of construction of the prototype effect, namely, having [+hand], [+action] property of“grasping verbs”, which are typical members, they have developed into [+hand], [+objects assistance], [+ action] property "help" category verbs, then with [-hand], [+ and about people], [+ transitivity action] attribute to“guess”category verbs, and finally to [-hand], [+ attributes or dynamic changes], [- transitivity action] attributes’intransitive verb or part of the adjective, they are considered typical members. Cultural and psychological factors, mainly requesting the psychological of new trend seeks unconventionalthe and herd mentality to examine two aspects.更多还原