【作者】 刘建红；

【导师】 张军；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 深小孔钻削作为特殊的钻削工艺,由于其钻杆刚性差,排屑难,不易散热等缺点,严重影响了深小孔钻削的质量和效率,制约了包括精密工程、航天工业等相关领域的发展。国内外对车、刨、磨等的研究较多,而对钻削的研究却很少。本文以深小孔钻削力为检测对象,研制了一套压电式测力装置。通过测力仪对钻削力的准确、实时检测,提高了深小孔钻削的自动化程度,从而降低了深小孔加工的废品率,提高了深小孔的生产效率和加工质量；钻削力是深小孔钻削的重要参数,它的检测有助于理解钻削机理,优化刀具参数以及为机床部件的设计提供依据。压电式钻削测力仪以石英晶体的压电效应为基础,它的制作包括内部核心元件-传感器的制作和测力仪整体外壳结构设计两部分。深小孔钻削力属于动态小力,本文参照小力值传感器的设计要求制作传感器,涉及转化机理的选择,灵敏度的设计,晶片尺寸参数的优选,组序排列等内容。选择了两传感器配置的结构型式,确定测力仪的量程范围为Fz=0～600N,Mz=±100N.m.采用Inventor软件应力分析模块对测力仪壳体结构进行优化,以跨距Φ2R和上盖厚度h为优化参数,通过这两个参数的优选使测力仪变形和固有频率最优化。建立测力仪静动态标定系统,对测力仪进行静动态标定,实验结果证明测力仪具有很高的灵敏度和固有频率,线性度、相间干扰等也达到了CIRP-STCC规定的切削测力仪标准。轴向灵敏度一致性实验表明,该测力仪可进行无定心测量。深小孔钻削实验证明,测力仪能实现动态小力值的测量,动态漂移小。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a special technology, the small-deep-hole drilling has some disadvantages, for instance, the low rigidity of drill pipe, the difficulties of the chip removal and heat dissipation and so on. All above the weakness affects the quality and efficiency of the drilling seriously and also restricts development of the correlative fields including precision engineering and aerospace industry.More research has been put into the turning, planning and milling, but the drilling study is far less. With the objective of the monitoring of forces caused by the small-deep-hole drilling, this paper developed piezoelectric force-testing equipment. The achievement that the drilling forces can be detected accurately and in real-time will raise the degree of automation in small-deep-hole drilling, reduce rejection rate during the drilling process, and the efficiency will be improved obviously. As one of the important parameters, the drilling forces detection contributes to understanding the drilling mechanism, optimizing the tool parameters, and providing the information for the machine components design.The piezoelectric drilling dynamometer is based on the piezoelectric effect of quartz crystal. And its manufacture contains two parts:the core component-sensor and the whole structure design of the dynamometer. The force from the small-deep-hole drilling is dynamic and its magnitude is small. Manufacture of the inside sensor consults the design requirements of the micro-force sensor, the process referring to choosing transfer mechanism, the sensitivity design, optimizing the chips dimensions, arranging the wafer class and so on. At last, the structure with two sensors combination is confirmed and the measurement range is: Fz=0-600N, Mz=±100N·m.The structure optimization of the dynamometer’s shell is realized through the stress analysis by aid of the Inventor software. And the main optimization parameters are the spanΦ2R and the cover thickness h. With the optimization of the two parameters, the objective to get the dynamometer’s deformation and the natural frequency optimal can be done.In order to calibrate the static and dynamic parameters, the static and dynamic calibration system has been developed for the dynamometer. The experiments prove the dynamometer both has the high sensitivity and natural frequency; also the linearity and interphone interferences meet the CIRP-STCC standards which defined for the cutting dynamometer. The experiments verifying the axial sensitivity consistency demonstrate this dynamometer can make the no-centering measurement. And the dynamic small-force measurement can come true with this dynamometer proved by the experiments for the small-deep-hole drilling and also has low dynamic drift.更多还原