【作者】 时磊；

【导师】 张洪雨；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 港口、海岸及近海工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 由于对深水海洋资源的探索需求不断增加,传统的多点锚泊定位已经不能满足深海海域的定位作业要求。而应用于半潜平台等海洋设备的动力定位系统则较好的适应了深海定位作业的要求,解决了传统锚泊定位所面临的在经济成本、安装技术、作业水深等方面的一系列难题,而且具有定位精度高、响应速度快、结构安全、机动性强等优点。动力定位系统通过位置信息系统检测当前船位相对于参考点的偏差,采集环境参数,计算使船舶恢复到设定位置所需要的推力,并对推力系统的推力器进行推力分配,确定各推力器的推进方向、大小,从而使船舶保持在设定的艏向和位置上。推力系统推力器输出的推力大小和输出功率的分配、总能量的消耗、推力器个数的选择以及位置的布置是一个优化计算的过程。本文主要综述了国内外动力定位系统及推力系统推力分配优化算法的研究进展及发展现状,讨论了动力定位系统选用的推力器形式、推力器的一些基本性能参数,以及推力器和船体、推力器之间等方面的水动力干扰,并给出了推力减额系数的计算方法和推力减额的几种处理方案,通过对比得出了最优的处理方法。本文根据一具体的半潜平台在一定海域中受到的风、浪、流环境荷载的估算结果,利用非线性规划方法并应用MATLAB优化工具箱编程对推力器推力进行优化分配计算,并以推力系统抵抗外荷载能力为标准计算了半潜平台动力定位系统的定位能力评估曲线。综合考虑到失效模式及动力定位系统操纵性、安全性、经济性及响应速度等方面的因素,对设计方案进行了分析比选和评价,通过计算对比,最终确定最合理的推力减额处理方案及推力器最优布置形式和推力器推力、功率的分配结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of the increasing demand of deep-water exploration of marine resources, the traditional multi-point mooring location can no longer meet the operational requirements of the positioning of deep-sea waters. The dynamic positioning system used in marine equipment is well adapted to the requirements of deep-sea operation targeting. It solves the problems of traditional anchor position about the economic cost, technology of installation, Operating water depth, etc, and it also has high positioning accuracy and fast response, structural safety, strong mobility and so on.Dynamic positioning system, through the current ship position measuring system detects the phase deviation for the reference point, collecting environmental parameters to calculate the ship back to the reference position required for thrust. To allot the thrust of the thruster system, and to determine the direction of the propulsion thrusters, pitch and speed, so that the ship or platform can keep the bow in setting the direction and position. The thrust output of the thrust system and distribution of power, the total energy consumption, the choice of the number of thrusters and the position of the layout is an optimized calculation process.In this article, we summarized the research and development status of the dynamic positioning system and the optimization algorithmthe method of the thrust allocation at home and abroad .Discussed the form of thrusters of the dynamic positioning system and some basic performance parameters, as well as the hydrodynamic interference of the thrusters and hull, thrusters and thrusters and also the calculation methods of the thrust attenuation coefficient.According to the estimated results of the environmental loads of the semi-submersible platform in the sea under certain wind, wave and tidal current, we use non-linear programming method with the optimization toolbox of MATLAB to optimize the thrust of the thruster allocation calculations and calculated the dynamic positioning capability curve with examples.Taking into account the failure modes and dynamic positioning system control, security, economy, and the response time and other factors, we take an analysis of the design and determined the best optimization of the program.更多还原