【作者】 张超；

【导师】 史春余； 张立明；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究于2008年5月-2009年10月,在山东农业大学农学实验站进行,选用济薯22为试验材料。采用池栽试验的方法,对腐植酸缓释钾肥提高甘薯钾素吸收利用的不同因素做了系统的研究。主要结果如下:1腐植酸缓释钾肥对甘薯钾素吸收利用的影响施用腐植酸缓释钾肥,提高了甘薯植株中的钾素积累量,最终提高了钾肥吸收利用效率。与混施处理和钾肥处理相比,腐植酸缓释钾肥的钾肥吸收利用率分别提高16.39%、20.12%;钾肥农学利用率分别提高20.68%、39.84%。2腐植酸缓释钾肥对肥料钾素释放的影响与硫酸钾相比,腐植酸缓释钾肥的钾素释放峰值降低,前期释放速率低于硫酸钾,而后期释放速率则高于硫酸钾。腐植酸缓释钾肥的钾素积累释放速率曲线较为平缓,对钾素释放具有较好缓释效果。3腐植酸缓释钾肥对甘薯生长的激发效应施用腐植酸缓释钾肥,促进甘薯生长发育,提高了甘薯的生物产量。施钾和施用腐植酸均可提高鲜薯产量和干物质量。同时,施用钾肥可促进地上部干物质转运,提高了干物质在地下部的分配比例,其中腐植酸钾缓释肥处理效果最为显著。与混施处理和钾肥处理相比,腐植酸缓释钾肥的叶片叶绿素含量提高;施钾和施用腐植酸均可有效提高叶片光合作用,其中缓释钾肥处理光合作用提高最明显。施用钾肥和腐植酸均能提高植株叶片中SOD、POD酶活性,降低MDA含量,施用缓释肥处理效果最明显;与混施处理相比,缓释钾肥处理提高了前中期叶片中可溶性蛋白含量,及后期SOD、POD活性。各施肥处理均提高了甘薯块根膨大初期吸收根的根系活力;与其它施肥处理相比,施用缓释肥可更有效的提高吸收根的根系活力,同时促进更多根系向块根分化。腐植酸缓释钾肥与钾肥处理及腐植酸与钾肥混施处理相比,提高了甘薯植株在前期(栽秧后60-80天)地上部的N/K值,而降低了在中后期甘薯地上部的N/K值。4腐植酸缓释钾肥对土壤中钾素含量的影响腐植酸缓释钾肥处理,在前期土壤速效钾含量要低于腐植酸与钾肥混施处理,而在中后期则要高于混施处理;腐植酸处理与空白对照相比,混施处理和缓释钾肥处理与钾肥对照相比,土壤中速效钾含量降低。在甘薯生育期中,三个施用腐植酸处理土壤有效性钾含量呈显著上升趋势,其中腐植酸缓释钾肥处理的表现最明显;而速效钾肥处理的土壤有效钾含量变化不大。相对于空白对照,施用腐植酸的处理土壤中缓效钾含量降低,而钾肥处理土壤缓效钾含量则有所上升。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment was carried out at the experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University from May 2008 to October 2009. The different factors of HA-K fertilizer on the absorption and utilization of potassium in sweet potato have been done a systematic study. The main results were as follows:1 Effect of HA-K fertilizer on the absorption and utilization of potassium in sweet potatoHA-K fertilizer treatment increased the potassium accumulation of sweet potato and increased the absorption and utilization of potassium at last. Comparing with mixed HA and K fertilizer treatment and H₂SO₄ treatment, the recovery efficiency of potassium fertilizers of HA-K fertilizer treatment were increased 16.39%, 20.12%; the efficiency of potassium fertilizers were increased 20.68%, 39.84%.2 Effect of HA-K fertilizer on the slow release of potassium fertilizerComparing with H₂SO₄, the potassium release peak of HA-K fertilizer was reduced. The potassium release rate of HA-K was lower than that of H₂SO₄ in the early, but it is higher in the late. The potassium accumulation release rate curve was smoother than that of H₂SO₄, have a good effect on the slow release of potassium release results. 3Effect of HA-K fertilizer on stimulate the growth of sweet potatoHA-K fertilizer treatments promote the growth of sweet potato, improve the biomass yield of sweet potato. Potassium or HA could increased the fresh yield and dry matter. Potassium fertilizer promoted the transfer of shoot dry matter and increased distribution proportion of dry matter in subterranean part, and the HA-K fertilizer treatment had the best effect on that.Comparing with H₂SO₄ treatment and mixed HA and K treatment, the HA-K fertilizer treatment was increased chlorophyll content. Potassium fertilizer treatments and HA fertilizer treatments improved photosynthesis, and the HA-K fertilizer treatment had the best effect on that. Potassium fertilizer treatments and HA fertilizer treatments increased superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） activity, decreased malondiadehyde （MDA） content. Comparing with mixed HA and K fertilizer treatment, HA-K fertilizer treatment increased soluble protein content in early and medium time, and SOD, POD activity in the late.The fertilization treatments increased root activity early enlargement of sweet potato storage roots. Comparing with other fertilization treatments, HA-K fertilizer treatment could more effective to improve the root activity, and improve absorbing root more differentiated storage root.Comparing with H₂SO₄ treatment and mixed HA and K fertilizer treatment, HA-K fertilizer treatment increased N/K ratio of sweet potato at early time, and decreased it at the last.4 Effect of HA-K fertilizer on different forms of potassium of soilRapidly available potassium content in soil of HA-K fertilizer treatment was lower than mixed HA and K treatment at early time, but it is higher at last. Comparing with non-fertilizer, HA fertilizer treatment decreased rapidly available potassium content soil, comparing with H₂SO₄ treatment, mixed HA and K treatment and HA-K fertilizer treatment had the same case.During growth of sweet potato, the available potassium content in soil of HA fertilizer treatments had a marked increasing trend, and HA-K fertilizer treatment most marked, but that of H₂SO₄ treatment had no marked change. Comparing with non-fertilizer treatment, slowly available potassium in soil of HA fertilizer treatments were decreased, but that of H₂SO₄ treatment was increased.更多还原