【作者】 刘永；

【导师】 刘福胜；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 结构工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着建筑节能和环境保护要求的不断提高,世界各国对建筑节能技术给予了充分的重视。近30年来,各国在建筑设计和施工、新型建筑保温材料的开发和应用、建筑节能法规的制定和实施、建筑节能产品的认证和管理等方面做了很多的工作,不但节省了大量的能源,取得了可观的经济效益,同时改善了环境,降低了对大气臭氧层的破坏。根据最新的资料统计,全国农作物副产的秸秆每年有7亿吨,居世界首位。但是我国目前对这些秸秆的开发利用率还比较低,大量的秸秆在田间焚烧,既造成严重的大气污染,破坏了生态环境,又浪费了宝贵的可再生资源。欧美等西方国家很早就致力于将农作物秸秆用于建筑材料的研究并且效果显著,我国在这方面还处于起步阶段,并未普及。随着我国对建筑节能工作的逐步重视,新型建材对取代黏砖,节约土地,保护子孙后代的生存条件具有重要意义,农业秸秆作为新型建筑材料是完全可行的。新型秸秆墙体材料有望成为建筑材料中的一支重要方面军。如何更好的提高新型建筑材料的节能环保要求,是各国研究人员关注的焦点。而本文提出的小麦秸秆压缩块,保温隔热性能是其亮点。通过试验研究出小麦秸秆压缩块的原材料配比及成型工艺。小麦秸秆压缩块原材料来源丰富,价格低廉,加工工艺简单方便。本文提出的纤维混凝土夹心秸秆压缩块砌块墙,设计出了两种材料的结合形式,弥补了两者各自性能上的不足,实现了两种材料优势性能的充分利用。同时,节约了能源,提高了小麦秸秆的利用率,降低了建筑造价,缩短了施工周期,达到了节能环保的双向功能,在新农村及小城镇建设中具有可观的发展前景。本次试验受山东省科技发展计划项目支持。本次试验设计了混凝土空心砌块和小麦秸秆压缩块的材料配比及其加工工艺,并对纤维混凝土夹心秸秆压缩块砌块墙的保温隔热性能进行了试验研究。最后根据前人的理论成果,结合试验数据,对墙体进行了理论分析和数值模拟,得出符合试验的理论结果。经对比分析可知,理论和试验结果符合较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the construction energy conservation and the environmental protection request’s unceasing enhancement, various countries have given the full value to the construction energy conservation technology. In the recent 30 years, various countries have done a lot of work which contain building design and construction, the development and application of the new construction thermal insulation material, the formulation and implementation of building energy conservation and the certification and management of building energy-saving product. It not only has saved the massive energy but also has obtained the considerable economic efficiency, simultaneously improved the environment and reduced the atmospheric ozone layer destruction.According to the newest material statistics, the national crops by-product straw stalks have 700,000,000 tons every year, ranks first in the world. But the development and utilization rate of these straw is still relatively in our country, massive straw stalk have been burnt which cause air pollution, destroy the ecological environment and waste the valuable renewable resources. The Euro-American countries and other western countries are already committed to the study of crop straw used for building materials and the results are obvious, our councountry in this regard is still in its initial stage and is not universal. With our country emphasis gradually on enery-saving work of building, The new building materials have a important meaning to substitute the brik, save the land and protect posterity,s survival requirement,agricultural straw as a new building material is entirely feasible. The new straw stalk wall material is expected to become an important component of building materials.How to better improve the energy-saving and environmental protection of the new energy-saving building materials is the focus of national research staff. Thermal insulation performance is highlight of wheat straw compressed block in this article. Experimental studies indicated that the ratio of raw materials and molding process of wheat straw compressed block. Raw materials is rich, the price is low and the machining process of wheat straw compressed block is simple and convenient.The fiber reinforced concrete block wall filling with compressed blocks of straw presented in this article which devise a combination form of the two materials, make up for deficiencies in the performance of them and achieve the full utilization of advantage performance of the two materials. At the same time it save energy, improve the utilization of wheat straw, reduce the construction costs and shorten the construction cycle. It achieves functions of energy-saving and environmental protection, so it has significant prospects for development in the building of new countryside and small towns.This test is sustained by Scientific and Technological Development Projects of Shandong Province. This test designs the ratio of raw materials and machining process of concrete hollow block and wheat straw compressed block. At the same time it study thermal insulation performance of the fiber reinforced concrete block wall filling with compressed blocks of straw. At last, we obtain exoterica result which is corresponding with test data base on concerned research datum.更多还原