【作者】 王立锁；

【导师】 汤建伟；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 化学工艺， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 药肥是农药与肥料结合所形成的一类功能一体化复合型肥料。异速除草药肥是除草剂和缓释肥料结合而形成的多功能肥料,既增加了除草剂的扩散速度又减缓了肥料养分的释放速度。它不仅能减少除草剂残留,提高除草剂利用率,同时也提高肥料的利用率,保护环境、降低生产成本。本文主要研究了苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺除草剂与常见的几种化学肥料的配伍性,分析了填料结构以及除草剂在填料上的吸附特性,探讨了崩解材料的基本特性,然后以尿素颗粒为核心,以麦饭石、滑石粉、白土为包裹材料,以柠檬酸和碳酸钾为崩解材料,制备了一系列泡腾除草药肥,较全面地探讨了泡腾除草药肥的制备工艺,并优化了制备条件,以染色剂代替除草剂表现了泡腾现象和效果。在泡腾除草药肥的制备基础之上,进一步制备了异速除草药肥,并对其药分与养分的释放机理进行了探讨。本文的研究为异速除草药肥的深入开发和推广应用提供理论和实践依据。主要研究结果如下：(1)考察了除草剂苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺与常见的几种化学肥料的配伍性,根据农药与肥料的混配原则,把除草剂与肥料在溶解的状态下进行混合并恒温静置。实验结果表明,苄嘧磺隆与磷酸二氢铵混配后与苯噻酰草胺与氯化钾混配后都能使药效降低。苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺可与其他肥料混配(2)本文研究了包裹材料如麦饭石、滑石粉和白土对药肥颗粒性能的影响以及对除草剂吸附特性的影响,进一步探讨了崩解材料对肥料性能的影响。分析了麦饭石、滑石粉、白土的物化性能,颗粒分布及比表面积；分别对苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺在麦饭石中的吸附性质进行了研究,比较了其在滑石粉和白土中的不同吸附性为白土>滑石粉>麦饭石。(3)探讨了实验室制备泡腾除草药肥的工艺条件。以除草药肥的崩解时间、颗粒强度和包裹率为考察标准,以圆盘造粒机为主要设备,以尿素颗粒为包裹核心,通过调节粘结剂浓度、包裹材料在不同包裹层中的比例、崩解材料占总物料的比例,进行包裹造粒不同工艺条件的考察,得到最优惠条件为：夹层量15%、粘结剂量0.2%、酸碱量10.4%。(4)论文考察泡腾颗粒快速释放性能。用染色剂代替除草剂包裹造粒,直观测试并分析泡腾效果。在浸水实验中,得到泡腾颗粒染色剂在15s时达到扩散平衡,而无泡腾作用的颗粒染色剂在180s时才达到平衡,扩散速度对比明显,符合除草剂快速扩散的要求。(5)论文对异速除草药肥制备的工艺条件进行了考察,并进行了异速释放药肥中药分和养分释放机理研究。通过浸水实验,对缓释颗粒的养分扩散时间进行测试,最终确定最优惠条件为：粘结剂量为60%、矿物量为10%、包裹时间为10min；对异速颗粒中药分扩散时间进行测试,得到苄嘧磺隆在10min达到溶解平横,苯噻酰草胺在15min达到溶解平衡,溶解速度均是普通颗粒1/3；异速颗粒药肥中养分的溶解时间是普通颗粒尿素的12倍,符合肥料缓释的要求；同时建立药分与养分的释放数学Logistic模型,表明除草药肥颗粒有效成分具有异速释放的特性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Medicine fertilizer was a compound-type fertilizer with integrative functions by the combination of pesticides and fertilizers. In addition, allometric herbicide medicine fertilizer was the combination of herbicide and slow-release fertilizer. This kind of fertilizer in the study could not only increase the diffusion rate of herbicide and slow down the release rate of fertilizer nutrients to enhance the utilization rate of fertilizer and herbicide, but also reduce herbicide residues to protect the environment and cut down production costs. In this paper, it studied on the compatibility of bensulfuron-methyl and benzene thiophene acyl amine with several comprehensive analyses was done on packing structures and adsorption characteristics of herbicides on chemical fertilizers. On the basis of exploring the properties of disintegration materials, it prepared the herbicide medicine fertilizer with effervescent characteristics in which urea particles were the cores. In addition, medical stone, talc and white clay were coating materials and citric acid and potassium carbonate were the collapse of materials. The production process and conditions of herbal fertilizer was be fully studied and optimized then the effervescent effect could be directly showed off by colorants instead of herbicides. And on the basis of effervescent herbicide medicine fertilizer, the paper prepared the allometric herbicide medicine fertilizer and studied the mechanisms of release of its medicines and nutrients in order to provide a theoretic and practical basis for the further research and application.The results were listed as follows:(1) Studying on the compatibility of bensulfuron-methyl and benzene thiophene acyl amine with several common fertilizers. According to the principle of mixing pesticide and fertilizer, herbicide and fertilizer were mixed after being dissolved, then held these samples on test bed at a constant temperature. The results show that bensulfuron-methyl mixed with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and benzene thiophene acyl amine mixed potassium chloride all could reduce drug effects. Then bensulfuron-methyl and benzene thiophene acyl amine could mix with other common fertilizers. (2) the paper discussed the effect of coating materials which were medical stone, talc and white clay on particle properties and the adsorption of herbicide. And the effect of collapse materials on the properties of fertilizer was also discussed. Most properties of medical stone, talc and white clay such as main component, particle size distribution and specific surface area were also studied. The adsorption properties of benbbensulfuron-methyl and benzene thiophene acyl amine in medical stone were investigated respectively, which was made contrast with the adsorption of the same systems in talc and white clay. And talc and clay in the adsorption were compared. The results showed that white clay> talc>medical stone.(3) It was studied the conditions of preparation of herbicide medicine fertilizer with effervescent additives in the lab. And the collapse of time, particle strength and package rate were all investigated, it prepared the coating particles in disc granulator with the core of urea particles by changing the conditions, such as the binder, concentration, the different proportion of coating material in the parcel layer, the mass ratio of collapse materials.The best results showed that coating material in the parcel layer is 5%, the concentration of binder is 0.2%, the mass ratio of collapse materials is 10.4%.(4) The rapid release properties of effervescent granules was directly measured and analyzed. In the system of parcel granulation, methylene blue dye instead of herbicides was wrapped in effervescent granules. And the results showed that effervescent effect is good for the rapid diffusion of herbicide.(5) In this paper, the preparation process of allometric herbicide fertilizer was investigated. And the release mechanism of herbicides and nutrients in this fertilizer was also studied. The best results from the water immersion test showed that the concentration of binder is 60%, coating material is 10%, the coating time is 10min. The banlance times of bensulfuron-methyl and benzene thiophene acyl amine 10min in water are 10 min and 15min which are one third of common granular. However release rate of nutritious parts of herbicide fertilizer is 12 times than that of common fertilizer. The mathematical logistic models about release of herbicides and nutrients were established in order to prove the characteristic of different release rates of herbicides and nutrients in the fertilizer.更多还原