【作者】 雷晓伟；

【导师】 韩国河；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 考古学及博物馆学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 “物勒工名,以考其诚”,是中国古代国家管理手工业生产的一项重要制度,它以“物”为载体、“名”为媒介确立了生产者、监造者以及生产机构之间对产品的质量责任关系。从战国中期开始,列国普遍在器物上实施刻记制作者名字的勒名制度,为后世所传承沿用,尤其是在汉代这项制度的实施达到顶峰。“物勒工名”制度是指将器物制造者、监造者、制造机构等的名字刻在器物上,以便政府考察工匠和官员的绩效,从而加强国家对手工业生产和产品质量的管理。勒名的方式以刻铭为主,还包括烙印、戳印、漆书、墨书等。考古发现的汉代器物上的文字,其内容大多与“物勒工名”有关,而汉长安城未央宫刻文骨签的大量出土,又为我们了解汉代的“物勒工名”制度和工官组织提供了不可或缺的宝贵资料。汉代“物勒工名”制度的实施对象主要是官营机构制作的器物,内容一般包括制作日期、生产机构、官员名、工匠名、数量、编号等,基本内涵是工官(生产机构)、工官官员、生产工匠。其勒名形式：一是工官(生产机构)+监造官员+主造官员+生产工匠；二是工官+官吏名或工官+工匠名；三是仅刻制造机构,工官或亭、市和市府；四是仅刻工匠名。随着勒名内容的变化,可以看出两汉时期的“物勒工名”制度大致经历了沿用“秦制”的西汉初年、正式形成的西汉前中期、繁荣稳定的西汉中后期至东汉前期以及衰退的东汉中后期等四个演化阶段。汉代“物勒工名”制度的演变与官营手工业生产机构——工官的发展变化密切相关。工官设立后,“物勒工名”制度逐渐形成,当工官经营地位达到顶峰时,“物勒工名”制度也达到繁荣期,当工官机构衰退时,“物勒工名”制度也跟着衰落下去。同时,通过对“物勒工名”的研究,也了解到汉代工官从中央到地方的层次结构和设置布局；工官组织内部生产分工合理,责任明确；工官产品的流通途径主要有商品贸易、政府调配、供进、赏赐和人员迁徙等。进而,认识到“物勒工名”制度的推行为汉代物质文化的繁荣提供了制度保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Inscribed maker’s name on artifacts they made, in order to examine their responsibilities", ancient Chinese handicraft production of the country management system, which the "objects" as the carrier, "name" for the media, established producers, regulators and the production sector on the quality of the product liability relations. From the Mid-Warring States period, nations in general the implementation of the utensils engraved maker’s name of Inscribe Name System, later has been adopted heritage, especially in the implementation of this system during the Han dynasty reached its peak."Inscribed maker’s names" system is the makers, managers, the manufacturing establishments name engraved on the articles, so that the governments examine craftsman and officials of the performance, thereby strengthening national handicraft production and product quality management. Inscribe is the main way to write articles, also includes brand, stamp, ink writing, lacquer writing, and so on. Archaeological finds cultural relics of the Han dynasty on the most of its contents and objects to the "maker’s name", Central government offices Wei-yang Palace site of Han Chang’ an city to sign a large number of bone inscriptions excavated for our understanding of the Han Dynasty "Inscribed maker’s name" system, and Gong guan (Responsible for the production and management of the state bureaucracy in the Han Dynasty) organize the production system provides a wealth of material.The Han Dynasty "Inscribed maker’s names" system is government-run institutions mainly produced artifacts, including the production date of the general content and production agencies, officials name, craftsmen name, quantity, number, etc., the basic content is the Gong guan (production facilities), labor officials, production craftsmen. The Fleming forms:First, Gong guan and supervision made official and official and master artisan production; Second, workers or the workers were official and official and officials craftsmen name; third is carved only manufacturing sector, Gong guan or Ting, Shi and Shi Fu(the country industrial and commercial administration); Fourth, only the name engraved craftsmen.Inscriptions content changes, reflecting the Han Dynasty "Inscribed maker’s name" system has gone through the early of the Western Han Dynasty, the official formation of the Han Dynasty, the prosperity and stability of the Western Han Dynasty in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the early decline the late Eastern Han Dynasty the four stages of evolution. Carving the Han Dynasty were the evolution of the system is government-run handicraft production organizations-Official Position of work closely related to changes. The official establishment of the Han dynasty, "Inscribed maker’s name" system is formed; the position reached the peak, the latter to achieve prosperity and the decay in the latter tacking on the decline.Through the detailed literal content of utensils, we can discovery of the Han dynasty Gong guan officials from the central to local levels of structure and set the layout; work reasonable official production-sharing and accountability within the organization. Circulation channel of Gong guan products mainly is commodity trade, the government allocation for the forward, reward and personnel movement. Further concerned, "Inscribed maker’s name" system for the material and cultural prosperity of the Han system of protection provided.更多还原