【作者】 万伟；

【导师】 刘今强；

【作者基本信息】 浙江理工大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 在国内外,反胶束技术作为一种新兴的技术,在蛋白质的萃取分离、酶的固定化以及纳米微粒的制备等方面均显示了良好的可行性和优越性,在生物工程、医药、食品科学等领域展现了其巨大的发展潜力和应用价值。此外,近年来在反胶束技术基础上发展的微乳技术,通过与其他技术的结合,在微乳燃料、微乳洗涤、涂料、化妆品、织物染整、皮革加工和保护等诸多其他领域也显示了巨大的应用潜力。本文以对生态环境友好的D5（十甲基环五硅氧烷）替代传统反胶束体系中的烷烃作为连续相介质成功制备了新型的D5反胶束体系,并对该体系的增溶行为进行研究,分别比较了阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂的D5反胶束体系的增溶水量,研究了中性电解质、温度、pH、陈化时间对D5反胶束体系稳定性、饱和增溶水量的影响以及TX-10/正辛醇/D5反胶束体系含水量与胶束粒径、体系电导率之间的关系,结果表明:用非极性的D5替代传统反胶束体系中的烷烃来制备对生态环境友好的反胶束体系的方法可行。研究揭示:助表面活性剂醇的用量和表面活性剂的类型及其浓度都影响着D5反胶束体系的增溶水量;TX-10/正辛醇/D5和1831/正辛醇/D5反胶束体系的增溶水量都随着中性电解质加入而急剧下降;TX-10/正辛醇/D5体系的最高稳定温度随着反胶束体系含水量的增大总体呈下降趋势,而1831/正辛醇/D5体系的稳定性基本不受温度影响;TX-10/正辛醇/D5反胶束的饱和增溶水量基本不受增溶水相pH值的影响,而1831/正辛醇/D5反胶束的饱和增溶水量在酸性条件下稳定,在碱性条件下则随着pH值的升高而降低;陈化时间对TX-10/正辛醇/D5和1831/正辛醇/D5反胶束的饱和增溶水量基本没有影响;TX-10/正辛醇/D5反胶束的粒径、粘度随其含水量W0的增加而变大,且粒径的分布也变宽,体系的电导率随着W0的增加出现一个突变点,突变的发生表明体系的反胶束中开始出现自由水。研究中对活性染料在D5反胶束体系中的染色进行了系统探索,优选了适合于活性染料染色用的MOA-3/正辛醇/D5反胶束体系,确立了活性染料在D5反胶束中染棉的工艺路线和方法,建立了反胶束残液吸光度的测试方法,并研究了中性电解质、反胶束含水量、织物带液率对D5反胶束中活性染料染色性能的影响,结果表明:纤维素纤维在碱液中预先溶胀,并携带一定量碱液入染反胶束体系的染色方法是可行的,可以成功实现活性染料的无盐染色;对于复合活性基团活性染料,预浸轧所用碱液含40g/L的Na₂CO₃,染色温度60℃,染色时间30min可以得到最佳染色效果;中性电解质对MOA-3/正辛醇/D5反胶束中活性染料的染色无明显促染作用;研究中还发现,预轧碱液的织物入染时带液率高低对染料的吸尽率有较大影响,带液率越低,染料的吸尽率越高,但是吸尽率与织物固色后的K/S值之间并没有正向相关性,其原因有待进一步研究;D5反胶束的染色不会影响织物的色光,具有替代水做为染色介质的潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Presently, the reverse micelle technology as an emerging technology at home and abroad showed its good feasibility and superiority in protein extraction separation, enzyme immobilization, as well as preparation of nano-particles, and demonstrated enormous development potential and application value in the fields of bio-engineering, medicine, food science and so on. In addition, in recent years, the micro emulsion technique which based on the reverse micelle technique, combined with other technologies shows great application potential in micro emulsion fuel, micro emulsion washing, paints, cosmetics, fabric dyeing and finishing, leather processing and protecting and many other areas.In this paper, the novel D5 reverse micelle systems had been successfully prepared by substituting the eco-friendly D5（Decamethyl Cyclopentasiloxane） for the alkanes of traditional reverse micelle systems as continuous phase medium, the water solubilization behaviors of the systems had been investigated by comparing with the water solubilization amount of D5 reverse micelle systems prepared with anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and non-ionic surfactants respectively, the influence of the neutral electrolyte, temperature, pH, aging time on the stability and the saturated solubilization amount of D5 reverse micelle systems, and the influence of the water content of the TX-10/ octanol/ D5 system on the conductivity and the particle size had been also stieded. The results showed that it’s feasible to prepare the environment-friendly reverse mecelles by using the non-polar D5 to substitute for the alkanes of the traditional reverse micelle system; both the usage of cosurfactant alcohol and concentration of surfactant affect water solubilization of the system; the water solubilization ability of TX-10/octanol/D5 and 1831/octanol/D5 reverse micelle systems sharply decline when adding neutral electrolyte. The saturated water solubilization of TX-10 / octanol / D5 reverse micelles is basically unaffected to the pH values of solubilizing aqueous phase. When the solubilizing water phase is acidic, the saturated water solubilization of 1831/octanol/D5 reverse micelle remains stable, but when the solubilizing water phase is alkaline, the saturated water solubilization decreases with the increase of the pH values. The aging time does not affect the water solubilization of TX-10/octanol/D5 reverse micelles. The particle size and viscosity of TX-10/octanol/D5 reverse micelles increase with the augmentation of water content and the particle size distributions broaden at the same time. The system conductivity emerges a mutation point with the increase of W0, which proves the appearing of free solubilization water in the reverse micelles.The dyeing of cotton fiber with reactive dyes in D5 reverse micelle system was studied systematically. Thereby, the MOA-3/octanol/D5 reverse micelle system that is suitable for reactive dyeing was selected and optimized, process for cotton reactive dyeing in D5 reverse micelle systems and test method for reverse micelles residue absorbance were established and the influences of the neutral electrolyte, reverse micelles water conten, liquid pick up rate of fabric on the D5 reverse micelle reactive dyeing properties were investigated, The results showed that the method for reactive dyeing of cotton fabric in D5 reverse micelle system is feasible, in which the fabric was pretreated with alkali solution and squeezed to a certain liquid pick up rate before immerged into dye bath, the alkali solution contained 40g/L of Na₂CO₃, the dyeing temperature was 60℃and process duration 30min. Neutral electrolyte Na2SO4 had no significant dyeing promoting effect for MOA-3/octanol/D5 dyeing of reactive dyes. Study also found that the liquid pick-up of pretreated fabric with alkali solution showed significant impact on the dye exhaustion rate, i.e. the lower the pick–up, the higher the rate of dye exhaustion, but between exhaustion rate and K / S value of dyed fabric after fixing, there is no positive correlation, the reason remains to be further studied; D5 reverse micelles of the dye will not affect the shade of dyed fabric, it can be the potential alternative of water as novel dyeing medium.更多还原