【作者】 赵文武；

【导师】 刘明举； 刘彦伟；

【作者基本信息】 河南理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 煤与瓦斯突出防治是世界性难题,无保护层开采的低透气松软的严重突出煤层石门揭煤和快速掘进防突是目前乃至今后较长一段时期的防治重点,探索解决严重突出煤层石门揭煤和快速掘进防突技术,在保证安全的前提下大幅度提高掘进速度,改变采掘接替紧张、实现煤矿安全高效开采是高突矿井可持续发展的当务之急。水力冲孔技术是在石门揭煤和煤巷掘进过程中,采用高压水射流技术,在突出危险煤层中,冲出若干直径的孔洞,冲孔过程中冲出一部分煤体和瓦斯,从而使孔洞及其周围煤体充分卸压,使煤体内的集中应力带前移,破坏煤体的应力场分布,从而达到综合防突的目的。针对严重突出煤层揭煤和掘进速度缓慢、防突过程中存在安全隐患等问题,论文以实现严重突出煤层快速揭煤及安全高效掘进为目标,采用理论分析,现场工业试验和计算机数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了高压水射流开挖突出煤体快速破煤的力学机制,确定了不同普氏硬度的煤体的破煤的临界水压及最佳冲孔水压。依据流体力学理论,研发了水力冲孔技术装备,优化了水力冲孔技术参数,通过水力冲孔前后瓦斯压力、钻孔瓦斯流量、巷道瓦斯涌出量以及钻屑瓦斯解吸指标并结合钻孔瓦斯抽放效果考察了水力冲孔的有效影响半径及卸压增透效果。在淮南矿业集团的大力支持下,通过大量现场试验结合RFPA数值模拟软件得出水力冲孔过后钻孔周围煤体瓦斯场的变化情况,并阐述了水力冲孔的防突机理,建立了以水力冲孔技术为核心的快速安全揭煤的技术行标。在部分突出矿井的实际应用表明,该措施具有施工工程量小、防突效果显著、校检超标率低、工作环境得到改善等优点,确保在严重突出煤层快速揭煤和掘进的安全,杜绝了在执行防治煤与瓦斯突出措施过程中的人员伤害,实现了严重煤与瓦斯突出煤层安全高效的采掘。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal and gas outburst prevention is a worldwide problem. At present, in severe outburst coal seam of no protective layer mining with low-permeability and soft, the rock cross-cut coal uncovering and rapid excavation anti-burst is a preventing and treating key even a longer period of time in the future. It is urgent affairs that are to explore and solve outburst prevention techniques of the rock cross-cut coal uncovering and rapid excavation in the serious outstanding mine, greatly improve excavation velocity under the premise of ensuring safety, change the tension of excavation replacement and achieve safe and efficient exploitation of coal mine in high outburst mine.The hydraulic flushing technology is to flush out some diameter holes in outburst coal seam by using high-pressure water jet technology during the process of rock cross-cut coal uncovering and coal roadway excavation, and a part of coal and gas are flushed out in the punching process, which make the pressure of holes and its surrounding coal adequately relieved and make the concentration stress zone of mine moved forward to destroy the stress field distribution of coal, so as to achieve a comprehensive anti-outburst purpose. Aiming at the sucurity hidden problem laying in the slow speed of rock cross-cut coal uncovering and excavation and the process of anti-outburst in serious outburst coal seam. such as security vulnerabilities, research papers in order to achieve rapid exposing severe outburst coal excavation of coal and safe and efficient as the goal, using theoretical analysis, field testing and computer simulation of industrial combination the method to study the high-pressure water jet excavation of coal fast-breaking highlight the mechanism of coal to determine the hardness of different Platts coal coal-breaking critical pressure and the best punching pressure. Under support of Huainan Mining Group, through a large number of field tests combined with numerical simulation software RFPA, obtained the hydro-hole punch around the coal gas field changes after hydraulic flushing, and described the anti-sudden hydraulic flushing mechanism and established the Standard of fast and secure uncovering coal technology at the core of hydraulic flushing. Some of the practical application of outburst shows that the measures have a small amount of construction work, anti-sudden results are obvious, the school inspection exceeded the low rate of improvement in the working environment, etc., to ensure quickly expose coal seams in severe outburst of coal and excavation safety, and eliminate the personal injury in the process of implementation of control measures for coal and gas outburst, and achieve a serious seam of coal and gas outburst safe and efficient extraction.更多还原