【作者】 齐学先；

【导师】 梁淑轩；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 分析化学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 论文对保定市空气质量进行了评价,并且对保定市文教区大气颗粒物进行采集,对其中的砷进行分析测定,全文共分四章。第一章：文献综述。对各个城市的大气质量进行分析,城市空气的主要污染物为大气颗粒物、SO2、NO2,全国很多地区的空气质量维持在二级标准,空气质量较好。对各个地区的大气污染特征进行研究发现,很多城市都属于煤烟型污染,大气颗粒物为主要的污染因子。探究大气颗粒物与人体的健康的关系,结果证明大气颗粒物对人体健康有一定的影响,尤其是其中的重金属物质,应当引起人们的注意。第二章：本文以保定市为例,基于保定市2002年～2007年5个监测点位二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的监测结果，根据国家环境空气标准,利用加权灰色关联分析模型对保定市空气质量状况按照年度、季节、是否采暖期做出了合理的综合评价。由模型中各污染因子的权重判断出可吸入颗粒物(PM10)为保定市空气质量的制约因子,且二氧化氮(N02)的权重逐步上升。并根据分析数据初步分析了三种污染物的主要来源。第三章：采用氢化物发生原子荧光法直接测定不同粒径大气颗粒物中的As(Ⅲ)和As(V)的含量。研究了还原剂用量、酸介质及其酸度、载气及屏蔽气流量和观测高度等对荧光强度的影响,探讨了共存离子对砷测定的干扰。在选定的最佳条件下,得到检出限为0.34μg/L,加标回收率为95.6～103.3%,相对标准偏差为0.8%左右。用该方法测定大气颗粒物中不同形态的砷,操作简便,快速,灵敏度高。第四章：对论文做出总结,并提出了对空气质量评价加入新的评价因子,让评价更具有综合性；颗粒物中不同形态砷毒性的研究将在下一步工作中逐步开展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The air quality of Baoding City was evaluated. Atmospheric particulates was sampled n cultural area in Baoding city and determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The text is divided into four chapters.ChapterⅠ:Literature Review. Analysed each city’s air quality, the major urban air pollutants in the atmosphere is atmospheric particles, SO2, NO2.Air quality in many parts of the country maintained at two standards, and air quality is well. Various regions of the characteristics of air pollution study found that many cities are all coal-burning pollution, atmospheric particulate matter pollution as the main factor. Explore the relationship of the atmospheric particles and human health, the results show that atmospheric particulate matter on human health to a certain extent, especially the heavy metal materials which should arouse people’s attention.ChapterⅡ:Based on the monitoring results of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), respirable particulate matter (PM10) in five monitoring sites of Baoding from 2002 to 2007, air quality was calculated by weighted gray correlation analysis model. Change of air quality with the annual, seasonal, and heating period was evaluated respectively. From the model of pollution factors determine the weight of respirable particulate matter (PM10) air quality for the Baoding constraints factor, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and gradually increase the weights. Analysis of data based on a preliminary analysis of three kinds of pollutants from the source.ChapterⅢ:Hydride gengration atomic fluorescence spectrometric method was adopted for the determination of As (Ⅲ) and As (Ⅴ) in the atmospheric particles and dustfall. The amount of reducing agent, acid medium and its acidity, carrier gas and shield gas flow rate and observation height of the fluorescence intensity were investigated, and the interference experiment was carried out for concomitant elements. In the best conditions, the detection limit was 0.34μg/L, the recovery range from 95.6% to 103.3%, the relative standard deviation was about 0.8%. This method was featured by easy operation, fast speed and it has been applied to the analysis of arsenic in the dustfall with satisfactory results.Chapter III:Propose to the air quality assessment to join the new evaluation factors was suggested to increase the evaluation comprehensive. The relationship between the different speciations of the arsenic and toxicity should be studied further.更多还原