【作者】 徐平平；

【导师】 张安录；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 农地城市流转是一个国家从农业社会向工业现代化社会发展的必然现象。中国已进入经济的加速发展阶段,这意味着在今后的五六十年时间内,农地城市流转在城市化、工业化过程中将继续起到非常重要的作用；同时它也带给我们许多影响经济社会发展的问题。目前农地城市流转的相关制度已不适应当前的经济发展水平,显示出制度的不足和缺陷,主要体现在：农地流转为市地入市产生巨大的升值,土地增值收益的分配却极不合理；土地补偿标准低不足以保障农民的生活水平,农民的利益受到侵害；土地市场发育还不完全,极易造成政府与开发商之间的寻租活动,使国有土地资产大量流失。本文以武汉市江夏区和十堰市竹溪县为研究对象,运用新制度经济的相关理论分析这些问题产生的原因,分析现行农地城市流转制度中存在着的交易成本,探讨如何降低农地城市流转的交易成本提高农地城市流转效率,以供决策部门参考。本文各章的主要内容如下：第一章：前言。介绍了论文的研究背景、目的与意义,国内外研究动态及综述,论文的研究思路、内容、方法及论文的可能创新点。第二章：农地城市流转交易成本研究的理论基础。介绍了新制度经济学三个至关重要的理论基石：交易费用理论、产权理论和制度变迁理论。农地城市流转的交易成本研究是利用新制度经济学理论来研究农地城市流转中土地资源配置的效率问题和公平问题,首先得明确什么是交易成本,为什么会产生交易成本,有什么方法可以测度它?其次阐述产权的特征以及产权经济学代表人物的思想与理论,这些理论的研究都围绕着产权是如何影响交易成本,如何影响经济效率而展开的。接着概述制度是如何影响经济运行,制度的需求与供给是如何决定着制度变迁的,为降低农地城市流转交易成本提供理论依据。第三章：农地城市流转交易成本的理论分析。本章首先界定了农地城市流转的概念,并且简述了农地城市流转的一般过程以及交易主体之间的利益关系和收益分配情况。农地城市流转的一般过程可分为土地征收、土地储备开发、土地出让三个阶段,主要涉及到农民、农村集体、开发商、地方政府、中央政府等利益主体,分析各个阶段中存在的交易成本对利益主体间的收益分配的影响。其次对现行的农地城市流转制度——包括土地征收制度、土地储备开发制度和土地出让制度进行概述。从广义角度上讲交易成本即是制度成本,现行制度规定的理论交易成本即外生交易成本和制度实施后的额外交易成本即内生交易成本是不尽相同的,内生交易成本反映着制度运作的效率,意义更为重大。接着分别对现行制度下农地城市流转、隐形市场、农村集体建设用地直接入市中的交易成本进行分析研究,探讨目前农地城市流转中的制度变迁动因和制度改革方向,为完善农地城市流转制度提供建议。第四章：农地城市流转中的交易成本测度。本章以武汉市江夏区为例进行实证研究,着重分析农村土地流转为城市住宅用地这一完整过程中的交易成本。为了更真实有效的研究,分别对土地征收、土地储备开发和土地出让三个过程中的外在和内在的交易成本进行测度,同时对各个过程中主体之间的利益关系和收益分配情况进行分析,从而揭示内生交易成本的存在是引起利益主体之间收益分配出现的问题。接着以十堰市竹溪县为例,分析隐形市场中的交易成本与利益主体的收益分配之间的关系,找出隐形市场存在的原因。总之,现行的农地城市流转制度存在着较高的交易成本,很大程度上影响了土地资源配置的效率,也反映出了农村土地产权有着制度变迁需求。第五章：结论与讨论。总结了本文的主要结论,并提出了一些降低交易成本提高农地城市流转效率的政策建议。同时,对本研究中的不足进行了有关讨论,提出了未来需要进一步深入研究的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural-urban land conversion is the inevitable phenomena when a national develop from agricultural society to industrial modernization and social. China has entered into the accelerated development stage, in the next fifty or sixty years, rural-urban land conversion will continue to play a very important role in urbanization, industrialization process. At the same time, it also brings us a lot of questions which influence the economic and social development. Now the institutions of rural-urban land conversion has not related to the current economic development level, it is showing the defect of the system, mainly: rural-urban land conversion can produce great appreciation, but the land increment income is very reasonable; the land compensation standard of land expropriation is low enough to guarantee the farmers’ living standard, the interests of farmers are violated; the land market is still not perfect, this is easily caused rent-seeking activities between government and land developers and the loss of national land assets. Based on jiangxia district of hubei province, the paper uses the relevant theory of new institutional economics to analyse these problems and the causes of transaction cost of rural-urban land conversion, this paper discusses how to improve the efficiency of conversion of farmland city, and puts forward policy suggestions. The main content and the conclusions of each chapter are as follows:Chapter 1:Preface. Introduces the backgrounds, the purpose, the significance of the research, research dynamic and review at domestic and overseas and the major research ideas, research contents, research methodology and possible innovations as well.Chapter 2:Study on the theory of transaction cost of rural-urban land conversion. It introduces three important theoretical foundations of the new institutional economics:the theory of transaction cost, the theory of property rights and the theory of institutional change. The study of transaction cost of rural-urban land conversion is about how to settle the efficiency and fairness problem of the allocation of land resources by the new institutional economics theory. Firstly, we must know what is transaction cost, what would produce transaction cost, which method can measure it? Secondly, it elaborats the characteristic of property right and the representative’s thoughts and theory in property right economics, the reaseach is about how property right affect transaction cost, how property right influence the economic efficiency. Then it outlines how institutions influence the operation of economic, how the supply and demand decide the institutional change, Lastly, it provides theory basis to reduce transaction cost of rural-urban land conversion.Chapter 3:Research on transaction cost of rural-urban land conversion. Firstly, this chapter defines the concept of rural-urban land conversion, and describes the general process of rural-urban land conversion and the revenue distribution of the stakeholders. The general process of rural-urban land conversions can be divided into three stages:land requisition, land reserve and development, land transfer, and it mainly involves the farmers, the rural collective economic organizations, the developers, the local government and the central government. Then it analyzes transaction cost of each stage how to influence the revenue distribution of the stakeholders. Next, the institutions of rural-urban land conversion including land requisition system, land reserve and development system and land transfer system are summarized. From the perspective of generalized, transaction cost is institutional cost. Under the current institutions, transaction cost includes exogenous transaction cost and endogenous transaction cost, they are different, and the endogenous transaction cost reflects the efficiency of the institutionsand is more important. Then study on transaction cost of rural-urban land conversion under the current institutions, land requisition in invisible market, rural construction land direct conversion, discuss the motivation of institutional change and the direction of institutional reform and provide advice to perfect the institutions of rural-urban land conversion.Chapter 4:The empirical research on measuring transaction cost of rural-urban land conversion. It takes Wuhan jiangxia district as an example and analyses transaction cost of rural-urban land conversion. In order to obtain more real and effective research, it measures external and internal transaction cost of land requisition, land reserve and development and land transfer. At the same time, it analyzes the benefit relationship and revenue distribution between the subjects and reveals that the endogenous transaction cost causes the main problems of revenue distribution. Then it takes Shiyan zhuxi as an example, it analyzes the relationship between transaction cost of land requisition in invisible market and revenue distribution, and find the reason for the existence of the invisible market. Anyhow, the institutions of rural-urban land conversion exists lots of transaction cost, largely influences the efficiency of the allocation of land resources, and also reflects the requirement with institutional change of the rural land property rights.Chapter 5:Conclusion and discussion. It summarizes the primary conclusion, and then puts forward some suggestion to reduce transaction cost to improve efficiency of rural-urban land conversion. At the same time, we discuss some shortage in the thesis, and put forward some issues which need to research profoundly.更多还原