【作者】 张燕；

【导师】 徐永荣；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在对武汉市城市湖泊湿地调查的基础上,根据各湖泊湿地的生物特征、生境特征和功能特征进行聚类分析,将23个湖泊按照退化程度的轻重分为四个等级；并探讨了武汉市城市湖泊湿地退化的原因,分析了城市化建设对湿地退化的影响,具体结果如下：(1)根据生物退化特征、生境退化特征和功能退化特征的综合聚类分析,23个湖泊湿地按照退化程度分为四大类：第一类,退化轻微的,有竹叶湖、严东湖、北太子湖、清潭湖；第二类,退化较轻的,有南太子湖、野芷湖、三角湖、塔子湖、黄家湖、汤逊湖、野湖、青菱湖、龙阳湖；第三类,退化较严重的,包括沙湖、南湖、张毕湖、严西湖、墨水湖、北湖、东湖、五加湖；第四类,退化严重的,为内沙湖和紫阳湖。(2)城市化是通过湖泊周边的各土地利用方式的变化来影响湿地生态系统的。经过分析发现：外环境植被覆盖率越大,湖泊湿地外来种比例越大；外环境建设用地覆盖率越大,农用地覆盖率越小,则湿地最长样线演替序列越短、湖泊湿地平均演替序列越窄；外环境水面覆盖率越大,则湖泊湿地单位面积物种数越大、湖泊湿地单位岸线物种数越多。(3)各类退化程度的湖泊之间,最明显的差异就是建设用地覆盖率和农用地覆盖率,湖泊周边建设用地覆盖率越高,农用地覆盖率越低,其退化越严重。(4)退化原因主成分分析结果表明：围垦率、面积缩减率和单位面积污水承载量是武汉市城市湖泊湿地退化的主要因子。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, we analysed features of biological, habitat and function of 23 lake-wetlands in Wuhan City based on field survey, and then we divided 23 lake-wetlands into 4 classes according to degradation degree. We also discussed degradation reasons, analysed the relationship between city construction and wetlands degeneration. The results are as follows:(1) 4 classes divided by degradation degree are:the first class is most slightly, such as zhuyehai Lake、yandonghu Lake、beitaizihu Lake and qingtanhu Lake; the second class is slightly, such as nantaizihu Lake、yezhihu Lake、sanjiahu Lake、tazihu Lake、huangjiahu Lake、yehu Lake、qinglinghu Lake and longyanghu Lake; the third class is highly, such as shahu Lake、nanhu Lake、zhangbihu Lake、yanxihu Lake、moshuihu Lake、beihu Lake、donghu lake and wujiahu lake; the fourth class is more highly, such as neishahu lake、and ziyanghu lake.(2) We also found urbanization was an important fact of degradation of wetland:the vegetation coverage rate outside the lake increases with increasing in the ratio of lake wetland’s aline species; as the construction land coverage rate outside the lake increasing and the agricultural land coverage rate outside the lakes decreasing, the length of the longest line’s succession and the average length of line’s succession are decreasing; as the water coverage rate of outside the lakes increases with increasing in the species per hectare of the lake wetlands and the species per kilometer of the lake wetlands’perimeter.(3)Among lakes of different degradate degree, the most difference were the construction land coverage rate and the agricultural land coverage rate. As the construction land coverage rate increasing and the agricultural land coverage rate decreasing, the lake’s degradation was more serious.(4)The results of principal component analysis showed that the reclaimed ratio, the decrease ratio of wetland area and the sewage quantity per hectare were main reasons of degradation of lake-wetland in Wuhan City.更多还原