【摘要】 主要从土壤、水环境和杂草防控三个方面,对目前我国稻蟹共作模式下田间生态的研究现状进行了总结与分析。提出了几种目前比较常见的稻蟹共作模式,即有机稻蟹和常规稻蟹两种普遍模式。分析了稻蟹共作对土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性和根际微生物区系的影响。养蟹稻田可以显著降低土壤容重,而总孔隙度及全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和土壤有机质含量都显著增加;显著提高0～10 cm土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、脱氢酶以及过氧化氢酶的活性;土壤根际微生物以细菌为主要菌群,氨化细菌、反硝化细菌、嫌气性纤维素分解菌、好气性自生固氮菌、亚硝酸细菌数量显著高于单作水稻;与常规稻蟹相比,有机稻蟹的土壤性状表现更好。稻蟹模式下浮游动植物的多样性和生物量显著低于单作水稻,而水体中溶解氧(DO)明显偏低,硝酸盐、磷酸盐含量显著高于不养蟹稻田。稻田养蟹能够显著抑制稻田4种优势杂草的密度,对于稻田杂草的防控效果明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research status of field ecology under rice-crab co-cultivation mode in China was summarized and analyzed from three aspects:soil,water environment and weed control. Several common modes of rice-crab co-cultivation,namely organic rice-crab and conventional rice-crab,were put forward. The effects of rice-crab co-cultivation on soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities and rhizosphere microflora were analyzed. The results showed that:Crab paddy could significantly reduce soil bulk density,while it could significantly increase total porosity and total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and soil organic matter content; the activities of urease,protease,dehydrogenase and catalase in 0-10 cm soil were significantly increased; the rhizosphere microorganisms in soil were mainly bacteria,and the number of ammoniated bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,anaerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria,aerobic azotobacter and nitrite bacteria were significantly higher than that of monoculture rice; compared with conventional rice-crab,organic rice-crab had better soil properties.The diversity and biomass of phytoplankton in rice-crab mode were significantly lower than that in rice-crab mode,while dissolved oxygen(DO) in water was significantly lower,and nitrate and phosphate contents were significantly higher than those in non-crab paddy fields. Crab culture in paddy field could significantly inhibit the density of four dominant weeds in paddy field,and had obvious control effect on weeds in paddy field.更多还原