【摘要】 为探讨冬作物秸秆还田对双季稻产量和土壤肥力的影响,以冬闲—双季稻为对照,设计了油菜—双季稻、紫云英—双季稻、黑麦草—双季稻、马铃薯—双季稻4种复种模式,进行对比试验。试验结果显示:与冬闲相比,油菜、紫云英、黑麦草和马铃薯秸秆还田提高了水稻有效穗数和穗粒数,水稻平均产量增加,增幅分别为4. 44%、6. 50%、4. 76%、6. 69%;油菜、紫云英、黑麦草和马铃薯秸秆还田后土壤平均pH值比冬闲分别下降0. 07、0. 11、0. 25、0. 08个单位,平均有效磷含量分别下降25. 0%、17. 6%、22. 5%、28. 6%,降幅明显;土壤碱解氮含量增幅大小顺序为紫云英还田处理>油菜秸秆还田处理>黑麦草秸秆还田处理,增幅分别为4. 41%、1. 39%、1. 36%;有机质含量增幅大小顺序为油菜秸秆还田处理>马铃薯秸秆还田处理,增幅分别为3. 0%、1. 2%;速效钾含量增加的只有黑麦草秸秆还田处理,增幅为7. 4%。表明紫云英—双季稻和油菜—双季稻是较好的复种模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to investigate the effects of winter crops straw returning on yield and soil fertility in a double cropping rice paddy,four main multiple cropping modes,rape-double cropping rice,astragalus-double cropping rice,ryegrass-double cropping rice and potato-double cropping rice,were set up with winter fallow-double cropping rice as control. The results showed that: Rape,Chinese milk vetch,ryegrass and potato returning straw increased the rice average yield of four seasons by 4. 44%,6. 50%,4. 76% and 6. 69% respectively compared with fallow. The main way to increase yield was to increase the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle. Compared with fallow,rape,Chinese milk vetch,ryegrass and potato returning straw reduced the average pH value by 0. 07,0. 11,0. 25 and 0. 08 units; the average available phosphorus content decreased by 25. 0%,17. 6%,22. 5% and 28. 6% respectively,decline was obvious. Compared with winter fallow,the increase order of hydrolyzed nitrogen content was Chinese milk vetch straw returning treatment > rape >ryegrass,increased by 4. 41%,1. 39% and 1. 36% respectively; the increase order of organic matter content was rape straw returning treatment > potato,increased by 3. 0% and 1. 2% respectively; only ryegrass straw returning treatment increased available potassium content by 7. 4%. In conclusion,Chinese milk vetch-double cropping rice and rape-double cropping rice were the better multiple cropping model.更多还原