【摘要】 为了解引进大蒜资源遗传多样性和引进后的适应性,对国家无性繁殖及多年生蔬菜种质资源圃从34个国家引进的228份大蒜(Allium sativum L.)资源进行了表型性状评价。结果表明:13个数量性状的变异系数分布在18.94%～56.36%之间,质量性状中除叶形仅一种表现型,其他质量性状表型丰富;25个性状的多样性指数分布在0～2.03之间,遗传多样性指数高,类型丰富。通过聚类分析,将引进的大蒜资源分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ地上部分植株矮小、细弱,叶片短而细,鳞茎表现较差,为丰产性较差的类群;类群Ⅱ鳞茎横茎小,鳞芽数少,鳞茎形状为高圆型;类群Ⅲ植株高大开展,叶片长且宽,鳞茎重且鳞茎横茎大。主成分分析中,选取累积贡献率为69.94%的3个因子来评价该批资源。大蒜鳞茎部分性状的相关分析表明,鳞茎横径、鳞茎高、鳞芽高、鳞芽背宽均与单头鳞茎重存在极显著的正相关关系,在选育高产大蒜品种时,这些性状将作为主要的目标性状;引种前后的鳞茎相关性状对比分析表明,不同种质在引种后的适应性表现差异较大,部分资源种植后鳞茎高和鳞茎横茎较引种时明显增大,表现出了较好的适应性。相关结果将为大蒜种质资源的利用及品种选育等提供重要参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The phenotypic diversity and adaptability of 228 introduced garlic(Allium sativum L.)germplasm accessions originated from 34 countries were evaluated in the present study. The field trial was performed at the national germplasm repository for vegetables. The coefficient of variation of 13 quantitative traits ranged from 18.94% to 56.36%. These genotypes represented visible variations on all qualitative traits except leaf shape. The diversity index of 25 traits varied from 0 to 2.03,indicating that the introduced garlic germplasm maintained high levels of genetic diversity. The clustering analysis of 228 accessions revealed three groups. The accessions within group I showed small and slender plants,short and thin leaves,and low quality bulbs. The group II was comprised of those accessions that transverse diameter of bulbs were small,and bulbs were less and the bulbs shape were high spherical. The accessions in group III mostly exhibited tall and big plants,long and wide leaves,and heavy and large bulbs. The first three principal components explained 69.94% of phenotypic variation. The bulb weight was found to be significantly and positively correlated with bulb diameter,bulb height,height of scale buds and width of scale buds. Furthermore,these accessions were variable on adaptability by comparing the measurements of bulb-related traits before planting with that of after harvest. Thus,these results will provide benefits for breeders and researchers in order to take use of the germplasm accessions in breeding programs.更多还原