【摘要】 目的评估四川汶川地震后第2周转移安置点灾民的急性和创伤后应激症状。方法223名随机抽样地震灾民完成自编调查问卷,用斯坦福急性应激反应问卷(SASRQ)测评的急性应激症状,用创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状清单平民版(PCL-C)测评创伤后应激症状。结果①12.9%的被调查者存在自杀观念,46.7%有中度以上的烦扰,61.2%体验到不同程度的绝望,58.1%最糟糕的感觉持续3 d以上。②SASRQ结果显示:急性应激障碍(ASD)阳性率为7.17%,分离症状的69人(30.94%),有创伤再体验症状的98人(43.95%),有回避症状的70人(31.39%),有焦虑或醒觉性增高症状的117人(52.47%)。③PTSD筛查问卷PCL-C结果显示,筛查PTSD阳性29人(13.0%)。最常见的是再体验症状,发生率为77.9%;其次是高警觉症状,发生率为60.8%;回避麻木症状发生率为42.6%。④SASRQ和PCL-C量表均显示:56~65岁灾民均分最高,36~55岁次之。回归分析显示PCL-C总分与绝望感、最糟糕天数、烦扰程度存在回归关系(回归模型方差分析F=91.312,P<0.001)。结论灾民在地震发生后一周存在明显急性和创伤后应激症状。心理干预应减轻焦虑、警觉性增高和创伤再体验症状;尤其要关注中老年人、有绝望感、最糟糕天数多和烦扰程度重的人群。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the acute stress disorder(ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) of victims and related factors after Wenchuan Earthquake in temporary settlements.Methods A total of 223 victims in temporary settlements in Jiangyou City of Sichuan Province were randomly selected and interviewed.A self-designed questionnaire,PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C) and Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire(SASRQ) were used as assessment instruments.Results ①12.9% of the participants reported suicide ideation;46.7% reported middle degree of disturbing;61.2% experienced different degrees of hopelessness;51.8% reported three or more days experiencing the worst symptoms of distress.② A prevalence of ASD was 7.17%.There were 69 cases(30.94%)with dissociative symptoms,98 cases(43.95%)with re-experiencing trauma,70 cases(31.39%)with avoidance and 117 cases(52.47%)with arousal/anxiety.③ A prevalence of PTSD was 13.0%.The most common PTSD symptom was re-experiencing trauma,with the incidence of 77.9%,followed by the symptom of high alert(60.8%) and avoidance(42.6%).④ People aged 56-65 years showed highest average scores in SASRQ and PCL-C,followed by people aged 35-55 years.The linear regression was performed and "disturbing degree","days experiencing the worst symptoms of distress" and " hopelessness feeling" entered equation(regression model ANOVA F=91.312,P<0.001).Conclusion During the second week after Wenchuan Earthquake,a portion of victims in temporary settlements suffered from serious acute stress symptom and post-traumatic stress symptom.Psychological intervention should pay full attention to alleviate arousal/anxiety,re-experiencing trauma,especially in people aged 35-65 years,and hopelessness feelings,more days experiencing the worst symptoms of distress and higher disturbing degree.更多还原