【摘要】 【目的】化肥配施有机肥是提高作物氮肥利用率(NUE)的重要措施之一。但由于作物的氮肥利用率受到施氮量、土壤性质和气候条件等因素的影响,且多数研究只在某一特定区域或条件下进行,对于全国不同区域施用有机肥对氮肥利用率影响的研究缺乏系统分析和比较。因此,探明化肥配施有机肥对氮肥利用率的影响,量化不同土壤和气候条件下氮肥利用率对有机肥施用的响应,可指导区域性的有机肥施用,为化肥减施增效提供重要的理论依据。【方法】本研究收集了公开发表的文献110篇,建立了412组包含化肥配施有机肥(NPKM)和单施化肥(NPK)处理的氮肥利用率的数据库。采用整合分析(Meta-analysis)和随机森林(Random Forest)方法分析了全国不同区域的氮肥利用率在NPK和NPKM处理下的差异,定量化了施氮量、土壤性质和气候条件等因素对有机肥正效应的贡献率。【结果】全国来说,相比NPK,NPKM处理下氮肥利用率提高了3.6个百分点。除东北地区外,在其他地区NPKM均显著提高了氮肥利用率,提高幅度依次为西北>华北>南方>华东。土壤性状中影响有机肥"增效"作用的主要因素是有机质、pH、速效钾和全氮含量,其中土壤有机质含量越低,配施有机肥后氮肥利用率的提高幅度越大;在碱性土壤上配施有机肥对氮肥利用率的提高幅度分别是中性土壤和酸性土壤的1.3和1.8倍。另外,不同气候类型下配施有机肥对氮肥利用率的提高幅度存在差异,表现为温带大陆性气候区>温带季风性气候区>亚热带季风性气候区。【结论】施用有机肥可显著提高作物的氮肥利用率,且在有机质含量较低、降雨量较少的西北地区配施有机肥后氮肥利用率的提高幅度最大。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】Combined chemical fertilizers with manure is one of the important approaches to improve the nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of crops. Nowadays, rare studies focused on systematic comparison and analysis of combine chemical fertilizers with manure on nitrogen use efficiency in different regions of China. In addition, NUE is affected by many factors, such as nitrogen application amount, soil properties and the climatic conditions and even most of them are in the specific regions. Therefore, this study was carried out to explore the effects of chemical fertilizers combined with manure on NUE, and quantify the response of NUE to manure application in different soils and climatic regions, so as to give the guidance on sustaining regional agricultural development and provide an important theoretical basis for reducing fertilizer application. 【Method】This study was conducted based on a database of NUE including 412 sets on NPKM vs. NPK, which were collected from 110 published articles with wheat, maize and rice. We analyzed the differences of NUE between the treatment of NPK and NPKM in five regions in China by Meta-analysis, and quantified the contribution of main controlling factors on positive manure affects by Random Forest analysis. 【Result】Compared with NPK, NPKM treatment increased the NUE by 3.6%. NPKM treatment significantly increased the NUE of crops in all regions except the Northeast China. The highest enhancement was found at Northwestern China, followed by Northern China, Southern Region and Eastern China. Soil organic matter, pH, available potassium and total nitrogen were the main factors affecting the "positive effect" of manure on NUE. The increment of NUE by manure application was higher in the soils with lower organic matter content than that in the soils with high organic matter content. The increase of NUE in alkaline soils with manure applied was 1.3 and 1.8 times higher than those on neutral and acidic soils, respectively. The improvement of NUE by manure application varied among climate regions: temperate continental climate zone>temperate monsoon climate zone>subtropical monsoon climate zone. 【Conclusion】The application of manure could significantly increase the NUE of crops, especially in northwestern areas with low organic matter content and less rainfall.更多还原