【摘要】 为深入分析水电开发对河流水文情势的影响,以长江中下游江段为研究区域,选取宜昌站1956-2016年生态水文实测资料,以三峡、葛洲坝水利枢纽工程所控制的宜昌江段为研究对象,开展水电开发对河流水文情势影响研究,同时分析了下游水文情势变化对重要鱼类——中华鲟生境的影响,从而为保护中华鲟种群资源提供修复措施。结果表明:宜昌站1956-2016年的年均流量序列呈不显著下降趋势,年均水温序列呈显著上升趋势,年均含沙量序列呈极显著下降趋势;葛洲坝运行后三峡工程运行前和三峡工程运行后两个时间段内,筑坝对河段流量、水温、含沙量的改变方向均是一致的,且三峡工程的影响更为显著;流量的下降将直接导致中华鲟产卵场实际面积的缩小,水温的上升将会影响中华鲟的产卵信号,含沙量的减少一定程度上是有利于中华鲟产卵的。同时,从工程措施、非工程措施、管理措施3个方面提出来保护中华鲟栖息环境的具体修复方案。研究结果可为分析水电开发对河流水文情势的影响以及恢复或改善被破坏的河流生态系统提供具体指导和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to analyze the impact of dam construction on river eco-hydrological effects deeply, this paper selects the mid-lower Yangtze River as the study area, the observed data on ecological hydrology of Yichang Station in 1956-2016 as the research data, the Yichang River section controlled by the Three Gorges Project and Gezhouba Project as the research object, carries out the research on hydro-ecological effect of damming rivers, analyzes the effect of hydrological regime’s changes on Chinese sturgeon’s habitat environment so as to provide the restoration measures for protection of the Chinese sturgeon population resources. The results show that the annual average discharge sequence of Yichang Station in 1956-2016 shows no significant downward trend, the annual average water temperature sequence shows a significant upward trend, and the annual average sediment concentration sequence shows a very significant downward trend. Before the operation of the Three Gorges Project and after the operation of the Three Gorges Project, the dam construction has changed the discharge, water temperature and sediment content of the reach. The change of direction is consistent, and the impact of the Three Gorges Project is more significant. The decrease in flow will directly lead to the reduction of the actual area of the spawning farm of Acipenser sinensis, and the rise in water temperature will affect the spawning signal of Acipenser sinensis, and the reduction of sediment content is beneficial to the spawning of Acipenser sinensis to a certain extent. At the same time, from three aspects of engineering measures, non-engineering measures, management measures to protect the habitat environment of Acipenser sinensis specific implementation plan. The results of this study serve as a specific guidance and suggestion for the analysis of the impact of water conservancy projects on river hydrological conditions and the restoration or improvement of damaged river ecosystems.更多还原