【摘要】 为明确农牧一体化生产模式下农田生态系统生产潜力及可利用生产资源特征,采用对比方法开展农牧一体化生产和常规模式生产研究。结果表明:1)放牧前,玉米田养鹅(raising geese in cornfields, RGICF)处理杂草总密度是对照(CK)的1.41倍,杂草地上生物量是CK的1.68倍;放牧后,RGICF处理和CK的杂草总密度和地上生物量均降低,其中RGICF处理下降幅度大于CK,农牧一体化生产提高了系统杂草群落的生产力。2)RGICF处理的杂草生物多样性均高于CK,说明农牧一体化生产维持了较高的生物多样性。3)与CK相比,RGICF处理的玉米植株总体生长状况低于CK,其玉米资源量也低于CK,其中玉米产量减产8.22%,但其养鹅收益足以补偿减产损失,经济效益显著高于CK,而且RGICF处理还可产生4 836.75 kg/hm~2有机肥(鹅粪和牛粪)用于还田。说明农牧一体化生产在维持较高生物多样性的基础上,产生了更多的可利用资源,这为农田生产力提升和生产效益倍增奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to clarify the production potential of cropland ecosystems and the characteristics of available production resources under an agro-pastoral integration mode, field experiments were conducted by the contrast method. The results showed that: 1) Under a raising geese in a cornfield(RGICF) treatment, the weed total density was 1.41 times of CK, and the aboveground biomass of weeds was 1.68 times of CK at pre-grazing. At post-grazing, the weed total density and aboveground biomass reduced under the RGICF and CK treatments, but the decrease under the RGICF was greater than that of CK, indicating that agro-pastoral integration could increase the productivity of weed communities in the system. 2) During the entire grazing period, the weed biodiversity with the treatment of RGICF was higher than that of CK, indicating that the high biodiversity was maintained under the production mode of agro-pastoral integration. 3) The overall growth condition of maize plants with the treatment of RGICF was lower than that of the CK, and the maize resource quantities were reduced by 8.22% compared with the CK, but all the net yield with the treatment of RGICF was significantly higher than that of the CK, because the earnings by raising geese were enough to compensate for the loss of maize production. Moreover, the total of 4 836.75 kg/hm~2 organic fertilizer was also produced to return to the field under the RGICF treatment. In a word, more available resources are produced under the mode of agropastoral integration mode, which lays a foundation for improving cropland productivity and doubling production efficiency on the basis of maintaining the high biodiversity.更多还原