【摘要】 中国西部作为主要的矿产生产基地,拥有丰富的矿产资源,但由于多年无节制的开采使当地生态环境发生巨大变化,因此深入了解中国西部生态环境变化及驱动因子具有重要的现实意义。以内蒙古乌海市为研究对象,选取坡度、坡向、曲率、地形起伏度、高程、植被覆盖度、到水源的距离、到道路的距离、人口数目、工业总产值、居民人均可支配收入等11个因子,应用层次分析法(AHP)构建生态环境敏感性评价模型分析乌海市生态变化,并结合地理探测器分析影响乌海市生态环境变化的主要影响因子。结果表明:乌海市生态环境经历了初期的生态环境良好—生态破坏—生态修复的过程,不同过程中生态环境的空间分区存在明显差异,虽然整体生态环境有所改善,但改善程度较小。截至2016年海勃湾和乌达区的生态环境得到修复,但修复面积仅为46.790和0.212 km2,分别占分区比例的9.0%和0.1%。乌海市生态环境变化是自然和人为因子共同作用的结果,其中到水源的距离(q=0.782, P<0.05)、人口数量(q=0.708, P<0.05)、工业总产值(q=0.499, P<0.05)、全体居民人均可支配收入(q=0.490, P<0.05)等是最主要的驱动因子。在今后的生态修复工作中要加大对上述因子的调控,以达到最佳的治理效果。图1表4参30更多还原

【Abstract】 Western China, as a m ain production base, was rich in mineral resources; however, due to unrestrained mining, the local ecological environment underwent tremendous changes. So, to deeply understand changes in the ecological environment and driving factors in Western China, Wuhai City was studied with 11 factors(independent variables, x) being selected namely, slope, aspect, curvature, relief amplitude, altitude,vegetation coverage, distance to water sources, distance to roads, population, gross industrial output value, and per capita disposable income of residents. The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was used to construct an evaluation model of eco-environmental sensitivity, and then we used the geographic detectors model to analyze the main factors affecting the ecological environment changes. We selected the study years(2008, 2013, 2016)which are impacted to Wuhai City. The year which we selected, was used as a sample and the sample size is2 200. Results showed the ecologically fragile zone extends from the south-central region(607.145 km2) in2008 to the northern region(1 715.978 km2) in 2013. Up to 2016, restoration of the ecological environment was 46.790 km2 for Haibowan District(9.0% of the partitioned area) and 0.212 km2 for Wuda District(0.1%).Changes in the ecological environment of Wuhai City resulted from combined actions between nature and anthropogenic factors with the distance to water sources(q=0.782, P<0.05), population number(q=0.708, P<0.05), gross industrial output value(q=0.499, P<0.05), and per capita disposable income of residents(q=0.490, P <0.05) being the main driving factors. Therefore, regulation of the above factors should increase to achieve the best treatment effect. [Ch, 1 fig. 4 tab. 30 ref.]更多还原