【摘要】 铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale花中含有丰富的活性成分,具有重要的开发价值,其中花的采收期和采收部位是影响铁皮石斛花类产品质量的关键因素。以铁皮石斛花苞期、微开期、盛花期全花以及盛花期花的花被、合蕊柱、子房的烘干样品为实验材料,采用苯酚-硫酸法、亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠法及福林酚法,探讨了不同花期铁皮石斛花及盛花期花朵不同部位多糖、总黄酮及总酚质量分数的差异,进而确定了铁皮石斛花的最佳采收期和最佳采收部位。结果表明:（1）不同花期中盛花期铁皮石斛花中多糖质量分数(61.5 mg·g^-1)与微开期(55.3 mg·g^-1)及花苞期(45.6 mg·g^-1)花中多糖质量分数具有显著差异（P<0.05）;微开期花中总黄酮质量分数(17.4 mg·g^-1)显著低于花苞期(19.9 mg·g^-1)和盛花期(19.2 mg·g^-1)（P<0.05）;盛花期花中总酚质量分数(22.2 mg·g^-1)显著高于微开期(19.6 mg·g^-1)及花苞期(18.5 mg·g^-1)（P<0.05）。（2）整体而言,盛花期不同部位中花被相应活性组分即多糖、总黄酮、总酚质量分数显著高于合蕊柱及子房,分别为64.5, 24.2及26.5 mg·g^-1（P<0.05）。因此从活性组分质量分数方面考虑,盛花期可作为铁皮石斛花采收的最佳时期,花被是最有开发与利用价值的部位。更多还原

【Abstract】 The flower of Dendrobium officinale has important development value for its rich active ingredients.The harvest time and the harvest parts are the key factors that influence the quality of D. officinale flower products. The contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total phenols of dried materials at different flowering stages（bud stage, slightly flowering stage, and flourishing flowering stage） and different parts（perianth,gynostemium, and ovary of flower at flourishing flowering stage） were measured by the methods called phenolsulfuric acid method, NaNO₂-Al（NO₃）₃-NaOH method and Folin-Cioealteau method, and the optimum harvest time and the best harvest parts of D. officinale flower were determined. Results showed that（1） For the different flowering stages, the polysaccharides content in the flourishing flowering stage(61.5 mg·g^-1) differed significantly from those in the slightly flowering stage(55.3 mg·g^-1) and the bud stage(45.6 mg·g^-1)（P<0.05）.The content of total flavonoids in the slightly flowering stage(17.4 mg·g^-1) was significantly lower than the bud stage(19.9 mg·g^-1) and the flourishing flowering stage(19.2 mg·g^-1)（P<0.05）. The content of total phenols in the flourishing flowering stage(22.2 mg·g^-1) was significantly higher than the slightly flowering stage(19.6 mg·g^-1) and the bud stage(18.5 mg·g^-1)（P<0.05）.（2） On the whole, detection of active components in different floral structures at the flourishing flowering stage showed that the contents of polysaccharides(64.5 mg·g^-1),total flavonoids(24.2 mg·g^-1) and total phenols(26.5 mg·g^-1) of perianth were significantly higher than those of gynostemium and ovary, respectively（P<0.05）. Consequently, in terms of contents of active components of the D. officinale flower, the flourishing flowering stage was considered as the best harvest time and the perianth was the most valuable part.更多还原