【摘要】 多年来,我国实施了大量涉及自然资源使用权限制的生态环境政策规范,这一关涉广大生态保护者生存发展的财产权约束机制,长期面临着法律供给的整体性缺位。自然资源使用权限制的行为属性及其规范属性争论一直存在,相关制度设计与完善的方向不明晰。自然资源使用权限制规范已呈现出实然的私法性质,对于实然层面公法色彩相对浓厚的限制,将其解释为应然的私法属性更为合理。基于环境质量改善目标的长期性及私有财产权保护的法治化需要,为贯彻风险预防等理念,私法属性的自然资源使用权限制规范亟待从政策转向法律。自然资源使用权限制的法律表达,有待于拓展私有财产权行使限制的宪法规定,通过民法典分编回应自然资源使用权限制的私法规则,在自然资源单行法中明确自然资源使用权的私法限制及行使规定,并完善自然资源使用权私法限制的配套规则。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has implemented a large number of eco-environmental policy documents concerning the restriction on the right to use natural resources for many years. However,this property right restraint mechanism,which concerns the survival and development of a large number of ecological protectors,has long faced the overall lack of legal supply. Because disputes over the attribute of restriction on right to use natural resources has always existed,the direction of designing and improving relevant systems is still unclear. The norms on the restriction on right to use natural resources has shown the real-state attribute of private law and it is more reasonable to interpret the restriction with comparatively strong hue of public law at the real-estate level as should have attribute of private law. Due to the long-term goal of environmental quality improvement and necessity of the rule of law for the protection of private property rights,in order to implement concepts such as risk prevention,it is in urgent need to transfer the means of restricting right to use natural resources which enjoys the attribute of private law from policy to law. The legal expression of the restriction on the right to use natural resources is subject to the expansion of constitutional provisions on the restriction on exercising private property rights. One Part of the Civil Code as a response should stipulate rules on private law governing the restriction on the right to use natural resources,the special law on natural resources should clarify the restriction of private law on the right to use natural resources and provisions on exercising such usufruct,and supporting rules on the restriction of private law on right to use natural resources should be improved.更多还原