【摘要】 我国石漠化得到初步遏制的同时,发生在耕地上的石漠化面积却在增加。石漠化区的云南省和贵州省是我国休耕制度试点区域之一,但传统的石漠化治理缺乏休耕环节,耕地利用方式未能实现根本转型。基于休耕试点区域的实地调研,总结概括了云南省休耕试点工作的主要特点:(1)因地制宜整片推进;(2)签订休耕协议强化约束;(3)政府与农户联动落实休耕区域和面积;(4)休耕培肥方式元化化;(5)与农业结构调整对接;(6)与经济社会发展相统筹。但云南休耕试点也存在一些问题,主要是:(1)休耕区域的选择存在主观性;(2)配套资金缺口大;(3)休耕补助大幅减少造成群众心理落差;(4)休耕工作队伍建设薄弱。基于以上问题,建议:(1)建立休耕地诊断识别技术体系,明确休耕的规模和时序安排;(2)加强涉农项目和资金整合,增加配套资金投入,缓解基层财政压力;(3)建立动态的、反映土地市场价格的休耕补助机制,优化补助方式;(4)充实完善基层休耕组织机构,加强基层休耕工作队伍建设;(5)加快休耕监测体系建设,适时开展休耕制度运行绩效评估。更多还原

【Abstract】 In spite the situation of China’s rocky desertification has been preliminarily controlled, the area of cultivated land with rocky desertification is increasing. Yunnan and Guizhou Province are the important areas of pilot experiments on the fallow system in China, but the traditional patterns of rocky desertification control lack the step of fallow, thus the land use of these regions remain unchanged. Based on the field investigations to the pilot areas, the main characteristics of the fallow pattern in Yunnan Province are summarized in this paper presented as follows. In a region not less than 33.33 hm~2, sign fallow agreements with farmers. The government and farmers confirm the fallow region and area together. It is connected with adjustment of the agricultural structure and consistent with economic and social development goals. Meanwhile, the study found some problems in Yunnan’s fallow including subjective regional selection, shortage of supporting funds in county governments, massive reduction in subsidies results in a public psychological gap, and weak construction of work forces. Based on the above problems,it is suggested that, to establish a technical system for the diagnosis and identification of fallow land, to clarify the scale and timing of fallow; ease the financial pressure in county governments by strengthening the integration of agricultural projects and funds, to increase the input of supporting funds; to establish dynamic subsidy mechanism which reflects the land market price, to optimize the mode of subsidization; to improve the organization and construction of work teams; to accelerate the construction of the fallow monitoring system and timely to carry out the performance evaluation of the fallow system.更多还原