【摘要】 石漠化是发生面积仅次于沙漠化的荒漠化类型,已成为中国西南喀斯特山区可持续发展的主要障碍,其治理与恢复是复杂的系统工程。从治理技术层面,以1 159组简单专利族为数据基础,揭示国内石漠化治理技术类别分布和主要领域。在对专利进行简要计量分析以提供概貌认识的基础上,通过阅读专利摘要内容,采用自下而上的聚类方法将当前专利划分为石漠化判断、治理、产业经济3个大类,监测与评价、科研仪器、生物治理、工程治理、化学治理、综合治理、综合产业、农业和工业9个中类,更细分至雨水搜集净化等42个小类。根据专利数量认定的四大主要技术领域为:工程治理(8.63%)、水分利用(12.51%)、栽培种植(27.52%)、植物资源加工(9.67%),占总量的58.33%,专利领域分布相对集中。对主要技术领域采用内容分析法,提取工程治理具体措施、集雨工具、植物、加工制品等的信息并对其进行了详细阐述,指出目前专利技术中的问题:石漠化地区特有的植物资源众多,但目前加工层次偏低,应在拓展加工类型\,延长加工产业链条\,发掘植物药用和日用价值方面加大研发力度;防止土壤漏失技术、设施农业技术和生命基因技术亟待发展。分析可为全面认识国内石漠化治理技术提供专利视角的参照。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rocky desertification has become one of the major obstacles to sustainable development in the southwest Karst area of China, its control and recovery is complex engineering. By 1 159 simple patent families analysis, this paper reveals the classification distribution and main fields of rocky desertification control technologies in China. By reading patent abstracts, patents are divided into 3 major categories(rocky desertification judgement, rocky desertification control and economy), 10 middle ones(rocky desertification monitoring and evaluation, scientific instruments, Biological control, mechanical control, chemical control, integrated control, agriculture, industry) and 42 small categories, such as rainwater collection and purification. According to the number of patents, 4 main technology fields of rocky desertification control include: engineering management(8.63%), water utilization(12.51%), edible or medicinal plants cultivation(27.52%) and plants resources deep processing(9.67%), accounting for 58.33% of the total. Content analysis method is used in the four main technology fields, extracted engineering management measures, rain collecting tools, plants and processing products are analyzed in detail, and the inadequacies in rocky desertification control revealed in patents are pointed out, such as lower processing technologies, lack in soil preservation, facility agro-technique and gene technology. It can provide a reference from patents for a comprehensive understanding of rocky desertification control technologies in China.更多还原