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北京市设施蔬菜园区轻简化生产现状分析

Current Situation Analysis of Light and Simplified Production in Greenhouse Vegetable Gardens in Beijing

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【作者】 李占台杨俊刚邹国元黄杰王激清

【Author】 LI Zhan-tai;YANG Jun-gang;ZOU Guo-yuan;HUANG Jie;WANG Ji-qing;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,New Fertilizer Research and Application Innovation Team;College of Agriculture and Forestry,Hebei North University;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow,Controlled-release Fertilizer;Achievement Transformation and Populorize Office,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences;

【通讯作者】 杨俊刚;王激清;

【机构】 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所新型肥料研究与应用创新团队河北北方学院农林科技学院北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心北京市农林科学院成果转化与推广处

【摘要】 采用现场访问和填写问卷的方式,随机选取北京市设施蔬菜种植面积较大的5个区中20家园区,调研蔬菜生产现状及轻简化技术(设备)应用需求。结果表明,北京市设施蔬菜园区工人年龄> 50岁的平均占比为78.3%,老龄化趋势明显;工人工资为每人每天80~120元的有14家,占比为70%,劳动力成本较高;施肥量和灌水量95%以上凭经验确定,水肥管理粗放;园区轻简化指数介于0.31~0.57之间,区域轻简化指数均<0.5,对轻简化技术和设备的需求率较高。建议北京市设施蔬菜生产走轻简化发展的道路,改传统南北向栽培为东西向栽培,采用小型起垄开沟机替代人工起垄,发展滴灌施肥、配套施用液体肥料等轻简高效生产技术,推动城郊蔬菜产业转型升级。

【Abstract】 Taking on-site visit and questionnaire method,this paper randomly selected 20 gardens in 5 districts with large areas of vegetable facilities in Beijing;and investigated the current situation of vegetable production,and requirement for light and simplified technology/equipments.The results showed that the average age of workers > 50 years in the vegetable gardens in Beijing took 78.3%.The aging tendency was obvious.There are 14 gardens,where the workers got 80-120 yuan wage per person per day,accounted for70%,indicating the high labor cost.Over 95% of fertilizer and irrigation quantities were controlled by farmer experience.The management on water and fertilizer was extensive.The light and simplified index was 0.31-0.57,and that of regional figour was all < 0.5.Demand rate for light and simplified technology and equipments was higher.The paper suggests that Beijing takes the simplifying development road for facility vegetable production;changing the traditional north-south cultivation direction into east-west direction;adopting small machine to instead artificial ridges;developing drip irrigation and applying liquid fertilizer,etc. simple but high efficient technology;so as to push forward the transformation and upgrading of suburb vegetable industry.

【基金】 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800405,2016YFD0201010);北京市叶类蔬菜创新团队项目;北京市农委农业科技推动项目;北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20180704)
  • 【分类号】F326.13;S626
  • 【网络出版时间】2019-07-29 14:20:23
  • 【被引频次】3
  • 【下载频次】310
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