节点文献
北京市设施蔬菜园区轻简化生产现状分析
Current Situation Analysis of Light and Simplified Production in Greenhouse Vegetable Gardens in Beijing
【摘要】 采用现场访问和填写问卷的方式,随机选取北京市设施蔬菜种植面积较大的5个区中20家园区,调研蔬菜生产现状及轻简化技术(设备)应用需求。结果表明,北京市设施蔬菜园区工人年龄> 50岁的平均占比为78.3%,老龄化趋势明显;工人工资为每人每天80~120元的有14家,占比为70%,劳动力成本较高;施肥量和灌水量95%以上凭经验确定,水肥管理粗放;园区轻简化指数介于0.31~0.57之间,区域轻简化指数均<0.5,对轻简化技术和设备的需求率较高。建议北京市设施蔬菜生产走轻简化发展的道路,改传统南北向栽培为东西向栽培,采用小型起垄开沟机替代人工起垄,发展滴灌施肥、配套施用液体肥料等轻简高效生产技术,推动城郊蔬菜产业转型升级。
【Abstract】 Taking on-site visit and questionnaire method,this paper randomly selected 20 gardens in 5 districts with large areas of vegetable facilities in Beijing;and investigated the current situation of vegetable production,and requirement for light and simplified technology/equipments.The results showed that the average age of workers > 50 years in the vegetable gardens in Beijing took 78.3%.The aging tendency was obvious.There are 14 gardens,where the workers got 80-120 yuan wage per person per day,accounted for70%,indicating the high labor cost.Over 95% of fertilizer and irrigation quantities were controlled by farmer experience.The management on water and fertilizer was extensive.The light and simplified index was 0.31-0.57,and that of regional figour was all < 0.5.Demand rate for light and simplified technology and equipments was higher.The paper suggests that Beijing takes the simplifying development road for facility vegetable production;changing the traditional north-south cultivation direction into east-west direction;adopting small machine to instead artificial ridges;developing drip irrigation and applying liquid fertilizer,etc. simple but high efficient technology;so as to push forward the transformation and upgrading of suburb vegetable industry.
【Key words】 Greenhouse vegetable; Aging; Light and simplified index; East-west direcyion cultivation;
- 【文献出处】 中国蔬菜 ,China Vegetables , 编辑部邮箱 ,2019年08期
- 【分类号】F326.13;S626
- 【网络出版时间】2019-07-29 14:20:23
- 【被引频次】3
- 【下载频次】310