【摘要】 拉林河为松花江的一级支流,发源于张广才岭山脉的老爷岭,流域内土地肥沃、人口密集,是国家重要的商品粮生产基地。基于TM卫星遥感数据及调查资料,对拉林河流域1976—2015年土地利用时空变化特征及其生态效应进行了研究,结果表明:随着流域人口的增加和经济的发展,流域内耕地面积和建设用地面积不断增加,林地、草地、水域、未利用地面积趋于减少;耕地是拉林河流域最主要的土地利用类型,林地、草地转为耕地是其最主要的土地利用转变类型;1976—2015年整个流域景观斑块数量呈现减少趋势,景观破碎度逐渐降低,集中分布的趋向性愈加明显。拉林河流域的土地利用变化导致了诸多环境问题,如土壤侵蚀加剧、水资源短缺、水质恶化、湿地面积萎缩、生态功能下降等,使流域生态环境更加趋于脆弱。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Lalin River,a first class tributary of Songhua River originates in Laoyeling of Zhangguangcai Mountains. It is an important commodity grain base of the state where it has fertile land and dense population. Based on TM satellite remote sensing data and survey data,the paper studied the temporal-spatial variation characteristics of land use and its ecological effects of the Lalin River basin in the period of 1976-2015.The outcomes show that a) along with the increase of population and economic development of the basin,the cultivated land area and construction used land area within the basin are continuously increasing,while the areas of woodland,grassland,water area and unused land tend to decrease; b) the cultivated land is the main type of land use and woodland and grassland into cultivated land is the most important transformation type of land use of the basin and; c) in the period of 1976-2015,the number of landscape patches of the basin shows a decreasing trend,the landscape fragmentation has been gradually decreased and the tendency of centralized distribution becomes more and more obvious. The dynamic change of land use of the basin has caused many problems,such as intensified soil erosion,water shortage,deterioration of quality,shrinkage of wetland area and decline of ecological function,making the ecological environment of the basin more vulnerable.更多还原