【摘要】 本调查采集了北京地区25家奶牛场用水量及污水产生情况数据进行分析。结果表明:(1)养殖场的水源来源单一,主要为深井水;98%的牛场已安装水表记录牛场用水情况。(2)牛场中用水最多的环节为奶牛饮水,其次是挤奶厅清洗用水和喷淋用水。(3)夏季牛场头均总用水量显著高于春、秋、冬季(P<0.01);牛场头均总用水量随着总存栏量的增大有增加的趋势(P=0.08);相比于井水,水来源为自来水时,头均奶牛饮水量显著提高(P=0.03);头年产奶量大于10 000kg的牛场,头均喷淋用水量有增加趋势(P=0.06)。(4)大部分牛场已安装雨污分离和干湿分离设备,但仍有小部分未安装此设备。更多还原

【Abstract】 The information of water utilization and sewage generation was collected based on 25 dairy farms in Beijing area. The results showed that:(1)the water sources were single and it’s mainly from deep well water. 98% of the farms had installed water meters to record the water utilization.(2)The most water-consumption in farms was the drinking water of dairy cows, followed by milking parlor water and spray water consumption.(3)The total water consumption per head in summer was significantly higher than that in the other seasons(P < 0.01); the total water consumption per head tended to increase with the elevation of stock size(P = 0.08); the dairy cows’ tap water intake per head was significantly higher than their well water consumption(P = 0.03); the farms of annual milk yield more than 10000 kg tended to have a higher spray water consumption per head(P = 0.06).(4)The facilities of rain and sewage shunting, and dry and wet wastes separation were installed in most of the dairy farms but not all.更多还原