【摘要】 民法典中的法人分类,是以营利与非营利法人之分为主要表现形式的功能性分类,与以社团与财团法人之分为主要表现形式的结构性分类相互兼容而成的复合体系。《德国民法典》所代表的法人分类方案实现了最低限度的基于法人结构性分类的对功能性分类的兼容,但难以适应社会政策对法人制度在兼顾管制与自治价值方面的更高要求。在社会主义国家,社会组织分化进程的国家主导性决定形成了功能性分类主导下兼容结构性分类的法人复合分类体系。我国《民法总则》建立了覆盖民商法全域组织类型的"功能—结构"匹配性渐变序列,为在传统法人结构性分类中无处安放的公法组织在功能性目录下寻获位置;但它同时令民法中的公法人在特别法人以外的营利与非营利法人中均会隐匿存在,提升了公、私法人制度边界弹性与规制难度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The classification of legal persons in the Civil Code is a composite system comprising both functional classification leading to the division of profit-making and non-profit legal persons, and structural classifications leading to the division of corporate and consortium legal persons. The classification mode represented by the German Civil Code is mainly based on legal persons’ structure, and achieves the minimum level of its compatibility with functional classification. But it fails to meet specific social policies’ higher ability demands for legal person law system to give consideration to the value of both regulation and autonomy. In the socialist countries, the state dominance formed in social organization differentiation process forms a composite legal person system leaded by functional classification and compatible with structural classification. The General Rules of Civil Law in China establishes a "function-structure" matching and gradient sequence covering the whole organization types in civil and commercial law; in the functional catalogue, it finds a position for public law organizations that have no place in traditional legal person structural classification. However, the public legal person also exits among the profit-making and non-profit legal persons besides the special legal person, which aggravates the boundary flexibility and regulation difficulty between the public and private legal persons.更多还原