【摘要】 生态补偿是森林生态保护中的一项重要手段。政府生态补偿的基本含义概括为"强制保护、部分补偿"。狭义的政府生态补偿政策主要指管制并补偿,广义的政府生态补偿政策还包括针对"正外部性行为增加或负外部性行为减少"的补贴;狭义的市场生态补偿是将生态系统服务单独交易,广义还包括生态系统服务与其他产品一起参与市场交易。文章梳理了我国森林生态效益补偿、森林资源培育补助、退耕还林补偿三种主要的森林生态补偿政策,并从生态补偿标准、实施机制、经济主体参与三个方面进行了讨论;同时,讨论了林下经济、林业碳汇交易等市场生态补偿形式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecological compensation is an important measure of forest ecological protection. The basic meaning of government ecological compensation is summarized as "compulsory protection, partial compensation". In the narrow sense, government ecological compensation policy mainly refers to regulation and compensation, while in the broad sense, government ecological compensation policy also includes subsidies for increasing positive external behaviors or decreasing negative external behaviors; Market ecological compensation in the narrow sense refers to the separate trading of ecosystem services, and in the broad sense includes the market trading of ecosystem services together with other products. This paper reviews three main forest ecological compensation policies in China: including compensation for forest ecological benefits, subsidy for forest resources cultivation, and compensation for returning farmland to forests. It also discusses the forest ecological compensation from three aspects including standard of ecological compensation, implementation mechanism and participation of economic entities. At the same time, the paper also discusses the ecological compensation patterns of forest economy and forest carbon-sink market transactions.更多还原