【摘要】 为解决中国现阶段水产品质量追溯体系中建设标准不统一、养殖过程未实现全程监控、部分环节监管缺失和追溯数据易发生篡改等问题,本研究提出了在现有体系中引入区块链技术(blockchain)的理论。根据区块链具有去中心化、自治性及安全可靠不可篡改等特性,构建基于区块链的水产品质量追溯体系,提出总体架构设计和层次模型,打破传统追溯系统的线性数据传递模式,实现水产品从养殖、流通到销售整条供应链上的去中心化信息记录,增强了全产业链数据信息的安全性和透明性。基于区块链的水产品质量追溯体系具有养殖企业、运输企业、销售平台、政府监管和消费者5个节点,以物联网技术实现全供应链质量安全数据输入,通过数据层、网络层、共识层、合约层、应用层和呈现层6个层次实现信息的区块化和存储,可为政府监管和消费者溯源提供服务。基于区块链的水产品质量追溯体系将使溯源数据的存储和分享更加迅捷和透明,不仅有利于提高水产品产业链安全性、完善信用生态圈,也可为推动中国水产品质量追溯的快速发展提供技术支持。[中国渔业质量与标准,2019,9(4):05-12]更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, China′s traceability system of aquatic products quality has problems such as non-unified construction standards, uncomplete monitoring for the breeding process, lack of supervision in some circulation links, and tampering with tracing data. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes the introduction of blockchain technology into the existing system, expounds the decentralization, autonomy, safety, and reliability of the blockchain, and establishes the traceability system of aquatic products quality based on blockchain. The overall architecture design and hierarchical model of this system are proposed, which breaks the linear data transmission mode of the traditional traceability system and realizes the decentralized information record of aquatic products in the whole supply chain of breeding, circulation and sales. The new system thus enhances the security and transparency of the data information in the whole industry chain. The blockchain-based traceability system of aquatic products quality can be divided into five nodes: aquaculture enterprises, transportation enterprises, sales platforms, government supervision and consumers. The input of quality and safety data can be realized by Internet of Things technology. The data are further blocked and stored through the data layer, network layer, consensus layer, contract layer, application layer and presentation layer, providing services of traceable information for government and consumers. The blockchain-based traceability system for aquatic products quality will make the storage and sharing of traceable data more rapid and transparent, improve the safety and credit ecosystem of the aquatic products supply chain, and promote the rapid development of China′s traceability system of aquatic products quality.[Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards,2019,9(4) : 05-12]更多还原