【摘要】 以温室黄瓜连作6年和10年土壤添加质量比为5%生物炭为处理,以不添加生物炭为对照,采用桶栽的方法,研究了生物炭对不同年限连作土壤养分和微生物群落多样性的影响.结果表明:与连作土壤相比,生物炭处理的连作6年土壤的黄瓜单株产量提高11.4%,连作10年土壤产量提高62.8%.施入生物炭显著降低了2种连作土壤容重,显著提高了有机质、速效磷含量、阳离子交换量(CEC)和pH;显著提高了土壤细菌数量和细菌/真菌,降低了真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量,使土壤类型由真菌型向细菌型转变,尤其对连作10年土壤作用最为明显,土壤细菌和细菌/真菌分别是未处理的2.00和3.64倍,真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量分别是未处理的54.8%和55.9%.土壤微生物群落碳源利用分析表明,10年连作土壤施入生物炭可显著提高土壤微生物活性、Shannon指数和均匀度指数,分别是未处理的1.50、2.14和1.31倍,同时显著提高了土壤微生物对糖类、氨基酸类、酚酸类和胺类碳源的利用强度,分别是未处理的1.62、1.81、1.74和1.93倍.相关性分析表明,土壤容重、速效磷含量、CEC和pH 4个指标对微生物群落变化的影响较显著.综上,生物炭通过对连作土壤理化性质及土壤微生物生态系统的改善,优化了黄瓜根区环境,促进了黄瓜产量的提高,缓解了温室黄瓜连作障碍.更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, we examined the effects of biochar addition on the soil nutrition and microbial community diversity in continuous cultivated cucumber soils, using 95% soils of planting cucumbers for 6 and 10 years mixed with 5% biochar as treatment and no biochar addition as control, all plants cultivated in the pots. The results showed that adding biochar increased per plant yield of cucumber by 11.4% and 62.8% compared with continuous cropping soil of 6 years and 10 years, respectively. Biochar addition significantly decreased two continuous cropping soils bulk density, increased the content of soil organic matter, available P content, cation exchange capacity(CEC) and soil pH. Meanwhile, biochar addition remarkably improved the abundance of bacteria, ratio of bacteria/fungi, but reduced the abundance of fungi and fusarium oxysporum, which made fungal type soil turn to bacterial type soil. For 10 years continuous cropping soils of adding biochar, the abundance of soil bacteria and bacteria/fungi ratio were 2.00 and 3.64 times to that in the control, respectively, and the abundance of fungi and fusarium oxysporum were decreased by 54.8% and 55.9%, respectively. Biochar addition significantly enhanced soil microbial activities, soil microbial Shannon and McIntosh indexes of 10 years soil by 1.50, 2.14 and 1.31 times, respectively. For continuous cropping soil of 10 years, biochar addition significantly increased microbial utilization abilities of carbohydrate, amino acid, phenolic acid and amine by 1.62, 1.81, 1.74 and 1.93 times, respectively. There were remarkable influences of soil bulk density, available P content, CEC, and pH value to changes of soil microbial community. In conclusion, biochar addition optimized the riphzosphere environment, increased cucumber yield, and alleviated continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil physical and chemical properties, as well as soil microbial community.更多还原