【摘要】 研究硅肥对双季稻产量及土壤氮磷流失的影响,旨在为典型双季稻区施肥结构优化以及农田面源污染综合防控技术提供技术支撑.采用田间试验研究在相同氮磷肥基础上施0、750、1500、2250和3000 kg·hm^-2（T₀、T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄）硅肥对双季稻产量和氮磷吸收、田面水氮磷含量及土壤有效硅、有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量的影响.结果表明:与不施硅肥处理（T₀）比较,早、晚稻季水稻稻谷分别增产2.2%～30.4%和3.9%～9.2%;早、晚稻籽粒氮素积累量增加2.4%～47.3%、磷素积累量增加2.2%～41.3%,秸秆氮素积累量增加0.4%～28.3%、磷素积累量增加5.1%～31.0%;施硅肥后第1天,施硅处理田面水总氮（TN）浓度较不施硅肥处理平均降低3.4%～28.8%、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）降低10.4%～25.6%、总磷（TP）降低25.5%～29.2%、可溶性总磷（TDP）降低30.8%～38.0%;第45天后施硅各处理田面水总磷和可溶性总磷含量呈现上升趋势,并显著高于T₀处理.施硅肥有利于提高土壤有效硅水平以及有机质和碱解氮含量,以T₁处理效果最好,土壤速效磷含量随硅肥用量增加呈降低趋势.更多还原

【Abstract】 Examining the effects of silicon fertilizer on the yield of double-cropping rice and the leaching loss of soil nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） could provide a basis for the optimization of formula fertilizer and the comprehensive control technique of agricultural surface source pollution in typical double cropping paddy field. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer of 0, 750, 1500, 2250 and 3000 kg·hm^-2（T₀, T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄） on yield and N and P absorption of double-cropping rice, dynamics of N and P in the field surface water, soil available silicon, organic matter, alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus under the fixed nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The results showed that compared with control（T₀）, the silicon fertilizer increased the yield of early and late rice by 2.2%-30.4% and 3.9%-9.2%, respectively, enhanced rice N accumulation increased by 2.4%-47.3%, rice P accumulation by 2.2%-41.3%, straw N accumulation by 0.4%-28.3%, and straw P accumulation by 5.1%-31.0%. On the first day after fertilization, the total nitrogen（TN） content in the surface water was decreased by 3.4%-28.8% in silicon treatments compared with T₀, the ammonium nitrogen（NH₄⁺-N）, total phosphorus（TP） and total soluble phosphorus（TDP） was decreased by 10.4%-25.6%, 25.5%-29.2%, 30.8%-38.0%, respectively. 45 days later, TP and TDP contents in the field surface water were significantly higher than T₀. The silicon fertilizer treatment was beneficial to increase soil silicon level, contents of organic matter and alkali nitrogen of the double cropping rice, among which the T₁ treatment performed the best. Soil available phosphorus showed a decreasing trend with the increasing silicon fertilizer.更多还原