【摘要】 目前多采用比较保护地建立前后时间序列上或与邻近区域比较的方法判断保护地的保护成效,而未充分考虑保护地的空间邻近效应和空间异质性,因此影响了其准确性.为进一步改进自然保护地保护成效评估技术方法,识别辨析人为保护管理措施在高寒草地-沼泽湿地区域气候变化背景下的景观生态学效应,以四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区为案例,采用"BACI"试验设计思路,以斑块密度、最大斑块指数和蔓延度指数等景观格局指数等为指标,定量分析若尔盖保护区的空间邻近效应和保护成效.结果显示:(1)保护区内湿地面积呈缩减趋势,灌丛、草地和建设用地面积增加,但沙化地面积减少;(2)若尔盖保护区存在空间邻近效应,为泄漏效应;(3)若尔盖湿地整体上仍呈破碎化趋势,但若尔盖自然保护区内大斑块面积减少趋势得到延缓,斑块间连通性降低趋势减小.本研究表明保护区的保护管理减缓了边界范围内景观破碎化趋势,取得保护成效;建议在进一步加强保护区内人为活动管控的同时,强化邻近区域的保护,以消除正在出现的孤岛化现象.(图4表4参35)更多还原

【Abstract】 Current assessments of protection effectiveness are mostly based on comparisons through a time series or between the inside and outside of protected areas without taking space neighborhood and spatial heterogeneity effects into consideration. In order to identify the protected area’s management effects in the context of climate change and human uses, this study took the Sichuan Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve as the study area and used the "BACI" experimental design principle to develop an evaluation framework to assess the protection effectiveness. Patch density, largest patch index, and contagion index were used as indicators to measure the space neighborhood effects and the protection effectiveness. The results showed that: 1) the wetland area in Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve has shrunk and the sandy area has been reduced. On the contrary, area of shrubland, grassland and constructed lands has increased; 2) There existed leakage space neighborhood effects in the past 40 years. 3) The Zoige wetland has kept on fragmenting, but the reduction rate of the wetland patch area inside the nature reserve has slowed down. The decrease in connectivity between patches has also been mitigated. Management measures have alleviated landscape fragmentation within its territory. We suggest that in order to eliminate the emerging island effect, human activity both inside the reserve and in adjacent areas should be controlled.更多还原