【摘要】 采用α-多样性、β-多样性和植物区系等参数,分析了卧龙自然保护区野生大熊猫栖息地主食竹种各竹林的物种多样性特征.结果表明,物种丰富度、物种优势度、物种均匀度和植物区系成分在3种竹林中都有着显著性差异(P<0.05).物种丰富度和优势度的排序是拐棍竹林>冷箭竹林>短锥玉山竹林;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈现出拐棍竹林>短锥玉山竹林>冷箭竹林的变化格局;Simpson多样性指数为冷箭竹林大于拐棍竹林和短锥玉山竹林,而拐棍竹林与短锥玉山竹林相差不大;群落均匀度两指数(Jsw和Jsi)均表现为短锥玉山竹林>拐棍竹林>冷箭竹林.不同竹林各层次的α-多样性,无论是乔木层、灌木层,还是草本植物层,在3种竹林之间均具有不同的变化.拐棍竹林、冷箭竹林和短锥玉山竹林的植物科属地理分布格局较为相似(P>0.05),都以温带地理成分为主,具有与卧龙自然保护区整体植物区系地理成分的相同模式,但就植物种类而言,3种竹林的差异极其显著(P<0.05);同时,各竹林中乔木层优势树木的重要值、灌木层植物的平均数量,以及草本层植物的平均盖度之间也具有明显的差异(P<0.05).3种竹林之间的相似性系数(β-多样性)很低,具有各自的组成物种和群落结构(P<0.05),这与不同竹种的生物学特性、海拔分布范围和生长发育阶段密切相关.本研究结果可为竹林分布的制图、退化生境的恢复、地震灾害受损栖息地的重建以及圈养大熊猫食物基地的建设等提供参考资料.图3表5参32更多还原

【Abstract】 Forty-eight forest sampling plots between 2 000 m and 3 000 m in the Wolong Nature Reserve,located at the western edge of the Sichuan Basin,were investigated.The species diversity of different bamboo forests was studied using the indices on both α-diversity and β-diversity.The species richness,species dominance,species evenness and plant flora were found significantly different at the 0.05 level among three bamboo forests.The species richness and species dominance were highest in Fargesia robusta forest,then in Bashania faberi forest and lowest in Yushania brevipaniculata forest.The ordination pattern of Shannon-wiener index was F.robusta forest>B.faberi forest>Y.brevipaniculata forest.The Simpson index of B.faberi forest was more than that of F.robusta forest and that of Y brevipaniculata forest,and the difference between that of F.robusta forest and that of Y.brevipaniculata forest was not significant.The two indices of species evenness(Jsw and Jsi) were Y.brevipaniculata forest > F.robusta forest > B.faberi forest.The α-diversity values of arbor layer,shrub layer and herb layer had different changes in the three bamboo forests.The plant flora,which primary component was temperate zone distribution types,was similar in different bamboo forests(P>0.05) and coincident with that of the Wolong Nature Reserve.The species of the three bamboo forests were significantly different at 0.05 levels,and so did the importance value of dominant species of arbor layer,the quantity of shrub layer and the coverage of herb layer.The comparability index(β-diversity) was very small among the three bamboo forests,mainly due to different plant species compositions and community structures(P<0.05).These differences can be explained by the biological characteristics of different bamboo species,their altitudinal distributions and growth phases.The results can be applied in mapping of bamboo distribution,restoration of degraded habitats,recovery of giant panda’s habitats destroyed by the "5·12" Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftershocks,and establishment of in-captive giant panda food bases.Fig 3,Tab 5,Ref 32更多还原