【摘要】 我国不同生态型的同种药材品质差异显著,本课题组前期发现国产西洋参根据人参皂苷的特征存在关外型与关内型两大生态型,然而引起西洋参品质变异的遗传生态机制尚不清楚。本文基于遗传-化学-生态策略,运用转录组学技术、HPLC技术,并进行西洋参转录组数据、人参皂苷含量及环境气候生态因子的相关性分析。转录组结果显示人参皂苷生物合成关键基因如羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase,HMGR)、β-氨基酸合成酶(beta-amyrin synthase, AS)和法呢基焦磷酸合成酶(farnesyl diphosphate synthase, FPS)等在关内型均显著下调。HPLC结果表明关外型西洋参中人参皂苷含量高于关内型西洋参。相关性分析结果显示西洋参人参皂苷的含量与甲羟戊酸二磷酸脱羧酶(mevalonate kinase, MK)、羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A合酶(hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, HMGS)、HMGR和AS等人参皂苷生物合成关键基因的表达成正相关,而与糖基转移酶GT的表达成负相关,西洋参的人参皂苷含量与两大生态型所处环境的温度、日照等气候因子成负相关,与水分成正相关。本文为阐释西洋参两大生态型品质变异的形成机制提供了新思路,也为道地药材品质生态学理论研究提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Medicinal materials in China differ in quality by different ecological types. Our research group found that there were two ecotypes of domestic Panax quinquefolium L. according to the characteristics of ginsenosides, inside versus outside Shanhaiguan. The genetic and ecological mechanisms of quality variation of Panax quinquefolium L. is unknown. Based on the genetic-chemical-ecological strategy, transcriptome and HPLC technology were used for comprehensive correlation analyses of transcriptomic data, ginsenoside content and environmental climate ecological factors. The transcriptomic results showed that key genes of ginsenoside biosynthesis, such as HMGR, AS and FPS, were significantly down-regulated in the inside Shanhaiguan ecotype. HPLC results showed that the quality of outside Shanhaiguan ecotype Panax quinquefolium L. was higher than that of the inside ecotype,with the content of ginsenosides in outside Panax quinquefolium L. was higher than that of inside ecotype except Rb2. Correlation analyses revealed that content of Panax quinquefolium L. ginsenoside is positively related to the expression levels of ginsenoside biosynthesis key genes(MK, HMGS, HMGR, and AS), and negatively related to the expression of glycosyl transferase(GT). The content of ginsenosides is negative related with climate factors,such as temperature, sunshine, and is positively related with moisture in both ecological environments. This study has provided a new mechanistic insight into the quality variations of two ecotypes for Panax quinquefolium L. and established a scientific basis for studying the ecological factors for the quality of traditional Chinese medicine.更多还原