【摘要】 隧道和隧洞是高风险的工程,存在大量地质和施工未知数,特别是地质条件的未知数。目前的安全形势严峻,对隧道施工地质预报提出越来越高的要求。从1990年开始,特别是2003年后,在国家有关部门的支持下,以解决探查和预报效果为核心,重视技术创新和发展以及自主知识产权的创造,集中多个专业和单位的力量,在不良地质预报的技术和实践方面取得大的进展;以陆地声纳法、瞬变电磁法和探地雷达组合的成套方法技术,在断层的空间定位及地下水、溶洞、暗河等探查理论研究和实测预报中均取得较好效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 There exist numerous unknown things in the construction of tunnels for railways,highways and water transmission,especially in geological conditions.Now the situation in safe construction of projects is extremely serious,more and more requirements have been put forward for prediction of geology during tunnel construction.Greatly progress in theories,technologies and practices for surveying forward from working face during tunnel construction have been gained in support of government departments since 1990,especially after 2003,who pay more attention on the increasing effect of survey and forecast,technology development and innovation,and independent intellectual property.Several majors and institutes have been centralized to that research.The technology and method including landsonar,transient electromagnetic methods(TEM),ground penetrating radar(GPR),and IP method,have achieved better effects in research of theories and practices on overcoming difficult problems about faults,groundwater,karst caves and underground rivers,and on determining their accurate spatial locations.更多还原