【摘要】 隧道及井巷工程中前方地质构造超前探测是一项技术难题,目前国内在基于反射波法探测方面开展了大量的应用性研究工作,但较少进行探测方法布置及数据处理技术的研究,在实际工程探测中未取得较为理想的效果。利用多炮检反射波观测系统,通过水槽超声波试验模拟隧道及井巷掘进过程中可能遇到的不同地质条件,进行反射波超前数据采集,并实现了对数据绕射扫描偏移方法处理。探测模拟结果表明,多炮检反射波观测系统对不同地质条件产生的波阻抗差异具有明显的反应,其偏移结果与实际界面位置相吻合,但多层介质探测时对后续界面的分辨率降低。因此必须进一步完善三维多分量立体数据的采集与波动方程数据偏移方法技术的研究,增强对隧道及井巷工程前方复杂地质构造的探测能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The detection and forecasting for geological structure ahead of the tunnel and laneway are the one of the most difficult issues in the world.Much application work is performed with the seismic reflection wave method in China at present.But the study on detecting observation system in 3D space and data processing techniques is not performed considerably.The perfect exploration effect is not gained in the practical detecting projects,and this situation is not good for the extending application of the advanced forecasting techniques of tunnel and laneway.The different detecting conditions that will be met ahead of the tunnel and laneway through ultrasonic experiments in the flume are presented.The forecasting data using multi-shot-receiver system of the reflection wave are collected,and the refraction scanning migration for the collecting data is realized.The simulation results show that the multi-shot-receiver system has obvious reaction on the wave impedance of the interfaces in different geological conditions.The migration results are in accordance with those of practical interfaces,but the distinguishing ability for the back interfaces will be unsatisfactory when multi-layer media are detected.So the 3D multi-component and stereoscopic data collecting methods are proposed,and wave equation migration techniques are developed to improve exploration ability for complex geological structures ahead of the tunnel and laneway.更多还原