【摘要】 分析了岩石的多孔隙特性、强度实验的全应力-应变曲线、蠕变特性曲线和松弛特性曲线。提出两条基本假定:在极慢速度加载过程中,损伤与外界所做的功成正比;损伤的速率和内平衡状态下的损伤与实际损伤之差成正比。推导了适合于任何应变不减小的加载和卸载过程的损伤演化统一微分方程。给出了几种情况下的计算特性曲线,不仅曲线形状与实测曲线相同,而且在定量关系上也与实际相符,这充分说明了假设的合理性和损伤演化方程的正确性。该损伤演化方程只有三个材料常数,而且这三个常数都可以很容易地根据实验数据确定。该方程对于认识岩石的力学性质有重要意义,对岩石力学的发展及各种岩石工程实际问题的解决都有重要的推动作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rock’s characteristic of multi-interspace, the complete stress-strain curve in strength tests and characteristic curve of creep and relaxation are analyzed. Two basic hypotheses are set up. One is that damage is direct to outside energy while loading slowly; the other is that the rate of damage times to the difference between damage with a state of inner balance and practical one. A united differential equation on damage evolution, which is fit for any state of load and unload without strain reduction, is deduced. Several calculated characteristic curves are shown. These curves are coincident with practical ones not only in shape but also in quantitative relation. As a result, the hypotheses proved reasonable and the equation on damage evolution is truly correct. The equation has only three easily obtained constants from test data. It is important to recognize the nature of rock mechanics and promote its development. In the meantime, it has much value in solving various practical problems in the fields of rock engineering.更多还原