【摘要】 偏移成像是地震数据处理的重要环节之一,传统的偏移方法主要有基于克希霍夫积分法和基于波动方程两种。克希霍夫积分法射线追踪困难,复杂介质中存在焦散、多重路径的缺陷以及高倾角构造成像精度低的问题。传统的偏移方法都是按深度外推计算的,而逆时偏移则是在时间轴上实现外推,可以看作反时间方向的正演模拟过程。传统的基于波动方程的偏移成像方法都是基于单程波实现的,而逆时偏移则基于全波(双程波)方程。逆时偏移结果是上行波传播时间等于零时的空间域地震波场,相当于在地下的地层界面上进行观测的结果。逆时偏移不存在倾角限制问题,理论上可以适用于速度任意变化的模型。本文从叠后逆时偏移出发,对无反射递推算法叠后逆时偏移技术做了较深入的探讨,并将该技术应用于模型数据处理和实际资料处理中,均取得了很好的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The migration imaging is one of the most important link of seismic data processing methods. The traditional migration methods are mainly Kirchhoff method and wave equation. Kirchhoff method has difficulties in ray tracing, and presents caustic and multi-path in complicated medium, and it also fails to deal with steep subsurface structures. The conventional migration methods are all extrapolated along the depth direction, however, reverse time migration extrapolates along time axis, it can be treated as the reverse processing of forward modeling. Compared with other one way wave migration imaging methods, the reverse time migration uses two-way wave equation to reconstruct the wave field. The poststack reverse time migration uses the up wave propagation time equals zero-time space domain seismic wave field,which is corresponding to the result observed from the subsurface formation interface. The reverse time migration doesn’t have angle limited problem and it can be used for the velocity arbitrary variation model in theory. The research studies from poststack reverse time migration and rather deeply discusses reflectionless recursive algorithm. It has achieved a good effect applied in model data processing and real data processing.更多还原