【摘要】 一般认为,康德在自由与自然(必然)的关系上持相容论立场。现象界受自然因果的支配,本体界受自由因果的支配。人作为跨界的存在者,在现象界没有自由,在本体界有自由。但这两个方面是如何统一起来的,却一直是学界的难题。借助视网膜类比,以膜上世界和膜外世界为模型来理解现象界与本体界,可以让这一难题得到一个较为简便的处理:我们是自由的,因为我们控制了行动;我们不是自由的,因为我们无法控制行动的现象表达。与此同时,这个类比承袭了康德文本在"一个世界"与"两个世界"之争上的中立性,从而具有更强的解释力。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is generally believed that Kant holds that free will(freedom) is compatible with nature(necessity).According to his viewpoint,the phenomenal world is dominated by natural causality,and the nouminal world is governed by free causality.Human beings,as cross-border existence,have no freedom in the phenomenal world while having freedom in the nouminal world.Unification of these two aspects,however,has always been a difficult task for Kant’s annotators to fulfill.This article recommends the retinal analogy to perform it.With the help of the analogy,the relation between the phenomenal world and the nouminal is what the relation is between the world in the retinal and the world out of it.We are free because we control our actions,and we are not free because of no control of the phenomenal expressions of our actions.What’s more,this analogy inherits the neutrality of Kant’s text on the dispute between interpretations of the one-world and the two-worlds,and thus has a stronger explanatory power.更多还原