【摘要】 在玉米/大豆2∶2型间作模式中以大豆作为覆盖作物,从生物覆盖的角度对玉米根际土壤、田间气候的温湿度变化、玉米农艺性状及产量进行分析,研究间作系统中覆盖作物对主作物所产生的效应。结果表明,在玉米行间种植覆盖作物,土壤含水量在玉米乳熟期比玉米单作平均提高15.1%,10～30 cm土壤温度平均提升1.4℃,田间气温提高1℃。与单作相比,玉米各农艺性状有所改善,产量明显增加,土壤水分利用率最高可达10.5%。覆盖作物对主作物所产生的效应是覆盖、互作、叠加、互补等多种效应的复合表现,对主作物根际土壤及田间气候的温度、湿度具有调节作用,可有效提高光能和土壤水分利用率。通过覆盖作物和主作物间作的有机结合,可达到旱作农业用地与养地有效统一。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the effects of cover crop on the main crop in intercropping system, one maize variety（Changdan510） and four soybean varieties（Changdou 006, Changdou 18, Jindou 19, and Jindou 25） were planted in six patterns, including soybean monoculture（CK₁）, maize monoculture（CK₂）, and four 2∶2-type maize-soybean intercropping patterns of Changdan 510-Changdou 006, Changdan 510-Changdou 18, Changdan 510-Jindou 19, and Changdan 510-Jindou 25, and soybean was the cover crop in all the four intercropping patterns. Then we analyzed the temperature and humidity of maize rhizosphere soil and field, together with maize agronomic traits and grain yield from the perspective of biological coverage. In crop intercropping patterns, the soil moisture content at maize milk stage was increased by an average of 15.1%; the temperature of 10, 20, and 30 cm soil depth were increased by an average of 1.4℃, and the field temperature was increased by 1℃, when compared with those in two monoculture patterns. In addition, compared with CK₂, maize agronomic traits were improved and the yield was increased significantly, and the utilization efficiency of soil water could reach up to 10.5%. These result indicate that the effects of cover crop on the main crop was comprehensive performance of coverage, interaction, overlay and complementarity,etc., which could regulate the temperature and humidity of main crops rhizosphere soil and field, and effectively improve the utilization of light energy and soil water. Through the combination of cover crop and main crop in intercropping system, cultivation and nourishing the dryland can be united effectively.更多还原