【摘要】 针对汶川地震导致灾区公路多处中断,提出了利用卫星和航空遥感数据源及已有交通基础数据库,辅助提取公路损毁信息,进行交通应急监测及其信息集成的技术与方法,开展了大量应用实践,获得了重灾区主干公路被损毁的第一手数据;借助遥感空间信息软件平台,将公路损毁监测信息与基础信息集成,实现三维可视化,再现了震后地面交通现状,不仅为抗震救灾指挥部及时提供了地面交通宏观灾情信息,还使应急指挥人员和公众可以感受真实的场景。更多还原

【Abstract】 8.0-magnitude Wenchuan Quake occurred on May 12th,2008.The quake hit Sichuan,Ganshu,Shanxi and some other provinces,which has caused destructive losses in more than 10 affected counties.The crucial problem for related government departments is how to mitigate the disaster’s effects to the casualties and economic losses in the affected areas,and to decrease the dangers caused by the secondary disasters.Continuous landslides and collapses have buried roads.The main roads connected to the outside were blocked severely,and threatened by potential disasters in the aftershocks.It was difficult to reopen of the lifeline,and to reconstruct for relief and rescue.Blocked roads became a major obstacle for the rescue of the disaster areas.Transportation access must be restored as soon as possible.The important point is to know the degree and the spots of the damaged of roads in the first time.Remote sensing technique can be used due to its features of objectivity,real-time and macro-scope view.It can provide a rapid and effective approach for monitoring the secondary disasters,dynamic monitoring its evolution process,and evaluating the damages.For example,the information about situation of roads,bridges and other road subsidiary infrastructures can be extracted.For monitoring the disaster damage to transportation airborne remote sensing was used in the previous studies of 1966 Xingtai Quake,Haicheng Quake in 1975,Tangshan Quake in 1976 and Lancang-Gengma Quake in 1988 in China.Satellite remote sensing technique was used in Nantou Quake in 1999 in Taiwan,and Jiashi Quake in 2003 in Xinjiang.This paper presents the method,workflow and results of highway damage monitoring and assessment for Wenchuan Quake based on remote sensing and its information integration,the workflow,and results.The study area includes the highways in ten counties affected severely by the quake.First,some interpretation keys are summarized for the damaged highway and their damaged causes.Next,some damage information extraction methods are tested,such as human-computer interactive interpretation,pixel based classification(supervised classification and unsupervised classification),and object-orientation segmentation and classification have been tested.Then,the paper presents the integration way for basic information of roads with disaster information in WebGIS system,named"3 Dimension Geographical Information System for the disaster situation of Wenchuan Quake",realizing the visualization of the disaster situation using DEM,damage spots and highway map in Quake zone.Finally,analyse the whole situation for the monitoring area.The results reveals that there are 63 spots damaged by landslides,3 spots by mudslides,190 spots by collapses,6 spots by quake lakes,5 spots of bridges broken.According to Beijing-1 images and other sources,Yingxiu-Maoxian section of the national highway,Maoxian-Beichuan section of Provincial Road 302,Yingxiu-Wolong section of Provincial Road 303,and Anxian-Qingchuan section of Provincial Road 105,are seated the in the south-west end of Longmenshan fault zone,and these roads are parallel to Longmenshan hillside fault zone.The damaged roads are mostly consistent with the fault zone.In conclusion,remote sensing can monitor and assessment of damage caused by the earthquake,and it can provide the important information to related government departments,and also play a more important role in reconstruction for the decision-makers.It should be improved and developed in the following aspects:(1)to built the basic integrated database is needed;(2) to enhance the ability to integrate multi-sources data;(3) to promote the standard for transportation emergency response;(4) to develop information extraction technique for earthquake damage;(5) to develop a united platform for transportation emergency response.更多还原