【摘要】 刀鲚(Coilia nasus)在日本仅分布于日本有明海及与之相通的筑后川、六角川等河流中,为九州西部有明海地区的特产鱼类,具有较高的经济和生态价值。由于栖息地的改变、过度捕捞等原因,目前刀鲚资源的状况不容乐观,每年的捕捞量从最高的174 t下降至20 t左右,已被日本环境省列入了《红皮书物种名录》,也被日本水产厅列入了珍稀野生水生生物中的"危急种"。通过剖析日本在刀鲚生存环境、资源调查、洄游路径、种群划分、标记放流、人工增殖、食品利用和渔业管理等方面最新的研究进展,指出日本刀鲚资源存在人为干扰所导致的生境劣化、资源量下降,特别是筑坝围堤破坏刀鲚资源本身及其栖息地等问题,以期能总体把握日本刀鲚资源现状和面临的问题,为中国刀鲚资源的养护工作提供有益的借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 The estuarine tapertail anchovy,Coilia nasus Temminck et Schlegel( 1846) is an endemic and restricted species in the Ariake Sea and the rivers flowing into the sea( e. g.,the Chikugo River,the Rokkaku River) in Japan with high economic and ecological values. This fish is believed as one of the continental relict species. Due to habitat alteration,overfishing and other unfavorable reasons,the current status of C. nasus in Japan is very vulnerable. Annual catch of the anchovy falls sharply from the maximum of174 t to around 20 t. This species has been listed as a threatened species in Japan Red Data Book of Ministry of the Environment and placed in the category of "vulnerable"species by the Japan’s fisheries agency. The present paper reviews the recent research advances in Japan on living habitats,resource survey,migratory history,stock discrimination,artificial stock enhancement,tagging release,food utilization and fishery management,and adverse impacts of habitat reduction,formation of landlocked populations of C. nasus caused by human activities( especially hydraulic engineering projects). It is helpful to understand comprehensively the current status and problems of this fish in Japan,and to provide useful references for more effective conservation of natural C. nasus in China.更多还原