【摘要】 【目的】生物药剂随水滴施是新疆棉田病害尤其是土传病害防治的重要途径,本文旨在明确不同种类生防菌剂防治棉花黄萎病适宜的滴施用量。【方法】于2016-2017年设置裂区试验,采用生物统计学方法,研究对比了5种生物药剂不同的施药量(枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂15、30、45 kg·hm^-2,"施倍健"哈茨木霉菌剂15、18、24 kg·hm^-2,渝峰"99植保"15、22.5、30 kg·hm^-2,中农绿康30、45、60 kg·hm^-2,辣根素45、60、75 kg·hm^-2)对棉花防病效果、生长发育及产量和纤维品质的影响。【结果】5种药剂棉花黄萎病发病率和病情指数显著降低,平均防效达到33.50%～74.94%,木霉菌剂施药量18 kg·hm^-2防效高于15、24 kg·hm^-2处理,辣根素各施药量之间防效差异不明显,其余药剂处理防效与施药量显著正相关。不同处理对棉花生长具有一定的促进作用,平均株高、倒四叶宽、单株果枝数和结铃数均有不同幅度的增加,施药量之间棉花株高、倒四叶宽差异不显著,结铃数随施药量的增加而增加。同时,这几种药剂均可显著提前棉花的熟性。除辣根素外,其余药剂处理籽棉产量均有不同程度的提高,且随着施药量的增加显著增加。各施药处理棉花纤维长度和断裂比强度略有增加,但对棉花品质的改善效果并不显著。【结论】综合棉花的防病效果、生长及产量表现,本试验中生物药剂合适的滴施用量建议渝峰"99植保"30 kg·hm^-2、中农绿康60 kg·hm^-2、枯草芽孢杆菌可湿粉剂45.0 kg·hm^-2、"施倍健"哈茨木霉菌剂18.0 kg·hm^-2,辣根素滴施用量还需进一步研究明确。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】Biopesticides application through drip irrigation systems is an important green pathway to prevent diseases in Xinjiang cotton fields, especially soil-spread diseases. The present paper was conducted to clear the suitable dosage of different biological agents to control cotton Verticillium wilt. 【Method】The field split plot experiment was designed to research the effects of Bacillus subtilis agent(15, 30 and 45 kg·hm^-2), Trichoderma humatum agent(15, 18 and 24 kg·hm^-2), Yufeng ‘99’ agent(15, 22.5 and 30 kg·hm^-2), Zhongnonglvkang agent(30, 45 and 60 kg·hm^-2) and horseradish agent(45, 60 and 75 kg·hm^-2) on the prevention of cotton Vertillium wilt during 2016 and 2017. The control effect of Verticillium wilt, cotton growth, cotton yield and fiber quality were compared and analyzed by biometrical method.【Result】The five biological agents application could significantly reduce incidence and disease index of the cotton Verticillium wilt, and the average control effect reached 33.50 %-74.94 %. When the application amount of Trichoderma humatum agent was 18 kg·hm^-2, the control effect was significantly higher than 15 and 24 kg·hm^-2. There was no significant difference between different application amounts in horseradish agent treatment. The control effect had significantly positive correlation with application amount in other three agents treatments. There were obvious promotion effects on cotton growth when five biological agents were applied. The cotton height, width of inverse fourth leaf, branch number and boll number were increased in different levels under different agents application. The cotton height and width of inverse fourth leaf had no obvious changes and the number of branch and boll were increased with the application amount increasing. Meanwhile, these biological agents could significantly advance the maturity of cotton. The cotton seed yield showed an increasing trend and was increased significantly with the application amount except horseradish agent. The cotton fiber length and fiber breaking tenacity were improved slightly but the improvement effect was not significant in each agent application treatment.【Conclusion】Therefore, according to cotton disease control effect, cotton growth and yield performance, the proper application amount was suggested to be 30 kg·hm^-2 （Yufeng‘99’agent）, 60 kg·hm^-2 （Zhongnonglvkang agent）, 45 kg·hm^-2（Bacillus subtilis agent） and 18 kg·hm^-2（Trichoderma humatum agent）, and the dosage of horseradish agent needs to be further studied.更多还原